Spiritual Teachers

Great Spiritual Masters and Teachers Written by Devon Love Sections on Babaji, How To Pick   Or Not Pick) A Spiritual Teacher, and Conclusion written by Christine Breese, D. D. Ph. D. Introduction Throughout time, many spiritual masters have offered teachings in service to humanity. Many who have been inclined toward self realization have, through a wide variety of different paths, reached this goal and gone on   to teach others. This process remains a mystery to and yet many people at some point in their lives begin to question who they are and seek out teachings to help them answer this question.There  are  multitudes  of   different  ways  that  spiritual  information  is  passed  on  and  shared  with  others. In  this  course  we  will  explore  the   many  different  categories  of  spiritual  masters  and  teachers  throughout  recorded  history. Review Of Literature (Exam  questions  are  not  drawn  from  the  Review  Of  Literature  section. )   Tao  Te  Ching  (1963)  translated  by  D. C. Lau  from  Lao  Tsu’s  original  words  is  a  translation  of  the  Chinese   classic. The   Tao   Te   Ching   rings   clearly   through   the   ages   as   a   Great   Pearl   of   timeless   Wisdom. All   serious   metaphysicians   should   study   this   work,   and   meditate   on   its   teachings.Like   all   great   spiritual   texts,   the   Tao   Te   Ching,  when  deeply  contemplated,  reveals  the  true  nature  of  the  universe. Peace   Is   Every   Step:   The   Path   Of   Mindfulness   In   Everyday   Life   (1991)   by   Thich   Nhat   Hahn   is   a   wonderful   book. Thich  Nhat  Hahn  is  a  Zen  Buddhist  monk  whose  teachings  come  straight  from  the  hear t. Those  who  have   discovered   his   work   have   likely   been   transformed   by   it. His   words   are   filled   with   compassion,   humility,   and   purity. In  Peace  Is  Every  Step,  Te  (teacher)  as  his  students  refer  to  him,  teaches  of  awakening  to  the  joy  of  now,  the   loving  presence  of  life.He  speaks  of  finding  joy  and  peace  wherever  one  is,  in  looking  at  flowers,  at  the  blue  sky, or  into  the  eyes  of  a  child. Thich  Nhat  Hahn’s  teachings  apply  to  everyone,  and  this  simple  book  is  an  excellent   introduction  to  his  work. The   Miracle   Of   Mindfulnes   (1975)   by   Thich   Nhat   Hahn   is   another   beautiful   gem   arising   from   the   consciousness   of   Te,   this   is   a   Zen   masterpiece,   reminding   us   in   simple,   economical,   and   flowing   words   of   the   wisdom  of  being  present  to  life. Using  anecdotes  from  his  life,  Te  tells  us  to  wake  up  and  consciously  experience   each  moment  as  the  precious  gift  that  it  is.From  washing  dishes  to  drinking  a  cup  of  tea,  he  encourages  us  to  be   fully   present,   awake,   and   aware,   to   be   fully   in   our   bodies,   and   experiencing   the   actual   physical   sensations   of   breathing  and  movement  in  these  acts,  this  being  the  key  to  fully  realizing  ourselves. The  Heart  Of  Buddha? s  Teachings:Transforming,  Suffering  Into  Peace,  Joy,  And  Liberation  (1998),  by  Thich  Naht   Hahn,   presents   the   teachings   of   Buddhaà ‚   in   a   simple   and   lovely   way. His   understanding   and   interpretation   of   these  teachings  is  flawless.He  speaks  of  his  own  relationship  with  suffering,  and  how  he  merged  with  Buddha   through  this. He  goes  to  the  heart  of  Buddha’s  teachings  on  suffering  and  non? suffering,  misery  and  happiness,   and   how   these   each   exist   only   with   the   presence   of   the   other. From   chapter   1:   Buddha   was   not   a   god. He   was   a   human  being  like  you  and  me,  and  he  suffered  just  as  we  do. If  we  go  to  the  Buddha  with  our  hearts  open,  he  will  look  at  us,   his   eyes   filled   with   compassion,   and   say,   â€Å"Because   there   is   suffering   in   your   heart,   it   isà ‚   possible   for   you   to   enter   my   heart. †¦If   you   have   experienced   hunger,   you   know   that   having   food   is   a   miracle. If  you  have  suffered  from  the  cold,  you   know   the   preciousness   of   warmth. When   you   have   suffered,   you   know   how   to   appreciate   the   elements   of   paradise   that  are   present. If  you  dwell  only  in  your  suffering,  you  will  miss  paradise. Don? t  ignore  your  suffering,  but  don? t  forget  to  enjoy   the  wonders  of  life,  for  your  sake  and  for  the  benefit  of  many  beings. The  Art  Of  Happiness:  A  Handbook  For  Living  (1998)  by  His  Holiness  the  Dalai Lama  with  Howard  C. Cutler   M. D. s   a   collaboration   between   H. H. the   Dalai   Lama,   the   spiritu al   leader   of   Tibet,   and   Dr. Cutler,   a   psychiatrist. These  two  people  broke  the  barriers  between  spirituality  and  psychology  in  order  to  help  people  realize  happiness. The  perspective  in  the  book  alternates  between  the  understanding  of  a  Western  psychiatrist,  and  the  understanding   of  a  Tibetan  spiritual  leader,  through  a  conversation  in  which  each  attempts  to  understand  the  other. The  outcome  is   a  rich  dialogue  of  great  importance,  which  explores  questions  such  as†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Is  happiness  truly  possible?   and†¦Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"How   is  it  that  we  find  happiness? †Ã‚  If  you  are  seeking  happiness,  this  book  is  recommended. Ethics  For  The  New  Millennium  (1999)  by  His  Holiness  The  Dalai  Lam a  is  a  book  dedicated  toward  the  task   of  right  living. An  excerpt  from  chapter  1  reads  as  follows:  We  have,  in  my  view,  created  a  society  in  which  people  find   it  harder  and  harder  to  show  one  another  basic  affection. In  place  of  the  sense  of  community  and  belonging,  which  we  find   Great  Spiritual  Masters  &  Teachers  Ã‚ ©2005  University  Of  Metaphysical  Sciences   1 uch  a  reassuring  feature  of  less  wealthy  (and  generally  rural)  societies,  we  find  a  high  a  degree  of  loneliness  and  alienation. Despite  the  fact  that  millions  live  in  close  proximity  to  one  another,  it  seems  that  many  people,  especially  among  the  old,  have   no  one  to  talk  to  but  their  pets. Modern  industrial  society  often  strikes  me  as  being  like  a  huge  self? propelled  machine. Instead   of  human  beings  in  charge,  each  individual  is  a  tiny,  insignificant  component  with  no  choice  but  to  move  when  the  machine   moves. Around  this  observation,  H.H. the  Dalai  Lama  offers  a  cure  for  what  ails  us. This  is  an  excellent  book,  and   a  great  follow? up  to  The  Art  Of  Happiness. Rumi  as  translated  by  Coleman  Barks  in  The  Essential  Rumi  (2001)  is  an  exquisite  translation  to  read. Here we  find  the  poetry  of  Rumi,  and  if  you  have  not  experienced  his  work,  there  is  nothing  to  do  but  drink  from  the   fountain:  Ã‚   The  Many  Wines   God  has  given  us  a  dark  wine  so  potent  t hat,  drinking  it,  we  leave  the  two  worlds. God  has  put  into  the  form  of  hashish  a  power  to  deliver  the  taster  from  self? consciousness.God  has  made  sleep  so  that  it  erases  every  thought. God  made  Manjun  love  Layla  so  much  that  just  her  dog  would  cause  confusion  in  him. There  are  thousands  of  wines  that  can  take  over  our  minds. Don? t  think  all  ecstasies  are  the  same! Jesus  was  lost  in  his  love  for  God. His  donkey  was  drunk  with  barley. Drink  from  the  presence  of  saints,  not  from  those  other  jars. Every  object,  every  being,  is  a  jar  full  of  joy? from  The  Essential  Rumi   Guru  For  The  Aquarian  Age:  The  Life  And  Teachings  Of  Guru  Nanak  (1996)  by  Steve  Gilba r  and  Partnatma   Singh   talks   about   a   particular   guru   named   Nanak.From   the   introduction   by   Yogi   Bajan:   Guru   Nanak   served   humanity  by  openly  teaching  this  technique  of  awareness  in  order  to  bring  men  out  from  the  pit  of  hell  into  which  they  had   been  dragged  by  the  blind,  ritualistic,  self? centered,  spiritual  egoists  of  that  dark  age. He  gave  men  freedom  of  the  spirit  and   took  away  the  domination  of  these  Ã¢â‚¬Å"middlemen. †Ã‚  Humanity  had  committed  the  error  time  and  time  again  of  worshiping  the   man   rather   than   the   truth   he   represents. Guru   Nanak   taught   that   it   is   God   who   prevails   through   demand   and   the   man? owever   great   he   may   be? is   only   the   channel,   the   instrument   for   the   flow   of   Divine   Wisdom. Men   are   meant   to   praise   God,   and   to   teach   others   to   do   so,   not   to   become   objects   of   worship   themselves. Thus,   Guru   Nanak   reestablished   righteousness  and  the  path  to  glory  in  his  own  time. He  made  mankind  understand  the  basic  law  of  life:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nanak  nam  Chardi   kala,  tere  bhane  sarbat  ka  bhala,†Ã‚  keep  up  and  wish  good  to  all. Isis  Unveiled:  Secrets  Of  The  Ancient  Wisdom  Traditions,  Madame  Blavatsky? s  First  Work,  A  New  Abridgment   For   Today   (1997)   by   Helena   P.Blavatsky,   abridged   by   Michael   Gomes   is   a   classic. Helena   Blavatsky   was   a   spiritual  adventurer  and  metaphys ician  who  founded  the  Theosophical  Society,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A  world  organization  dedicated  to   fellowship   among   all   peoples   and   encouragement   of   the   study   of   religion,   philosophy,   and   science. † In   this   voluminous   book,  Blavatsky  endeavors  to  reveal  the  truth  underlying  the  ancient  mystery  teachings  found  in  many  cultures. Though   the   original   is   difficult   to   read,   the   abridged   edition   is   much   more   accessible.If   one   is   serious   about   metaphysics,  theosophy,  Egyptology,  and  mystery  school  teachings,  this  is  a  must  read. Hildegard   Von   Bingen’s   Mystical   Visions:   Translated   From   Scivias   (1995)   translated   by   Bruce   Hozeski   is   all   about  Hildegard  Von  Bingen,  an  eleventh  century  mystical  visionary  who  had  begun  to  have  visions  and  speak   prophecy   by   the   age   of   15. She   was   a   writer   and   an   accomplished   musician,   and   everything   she   wrote   and   composed  seemed  divinely  inspired.This  book  is  a  translation  from  her  work  entitled  Scivias,  which  means  Know   The   Path. It   is   a   collection   of   her   visions   and   the   prophecy   brought   forth   in   them. There   are   26   visions,   and   Hozeski  breaks  each  one  up  into  sections  and  discusses  and  interprets  the  rich  symbolism  contained  within. This   is  a  profound  look  into  the  visions  of  a  great  mystic. In   Tales   of   Hasidim:   Book   One,   The   Early   Masters   (1991)   by   Martin   Buber,   tra nslated   by   Olga   Marx,   the   author   tells   the   stories   of   the   early   leaders   of   this   religion.The   brilliant   Jewish   philosopher   and   scholar/practitioner   of   the   Hasidic   faith,   comments   on   the   philosophy   of   Hasidic   Judaism. His   writing   on   The   Baal   Shem   Tov   were   used   in   the   research   for   this   course. Martin   Buber? s   body   of   work   has   been   profoundly   influential  in  its  focus  on  the  value  of  human  relationships  and  conscious  interaction  with  life. His  philosophical   views  are  beautifully  expressed  in  the  now  classic  I  And  Thou  (1970). If  you  are  interested  in  learning  more  about   Hasidism  or  human  relationships,  these  works  are  invaluable  to  your  studies. Why   The   Baal   Shem   Tov  Laughed:  52  Stories  About  Our  Great  Chasidic  Rabbis  (1993)  by  Sterna  Citron  is  an   informative  piece  of  literature  on  Hasidic  Judaism. From  the  back  cover:  In  the  year  5487,  a  brilliant  source  of  light illuminated  the  dark  skies  of  European  Jewry. Yisroel  Baal  Shem  Tov  breathed  life  and  joy  into  a  population  oppressed  by  a   Great  Spiritual  Masters  &  Teachers  Ã‚ ©2005  University  Of  Metaphysical  Sciences   2 hostile  environment  and  depressed  by  disillusionment†¦Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"These  Hasidic  stories  are  not  only  heartwarming  and  encouraging   but  also  a  source  of  our  own  character  building.While  reaching  the  goals  of  the  saintly  individuals  may  be  unrealistic,  the   principles   they   established   and   manifested   in   their   lives   should   serve   as   guidelines   for   us. Even   the   fact   that   we   cannot   achieve  their  greatness  should  not  deter  us  from  at  least  trying  to  emulate  them. †? from  Dr. Abraham  J. Twerski   A  Simple  Path  (1995)  by  Mother  Theresa  and  compiled  by  Lucinda  Vardey  chronicles  the  works  of  Mother   Theresa,  her  unfailing  dedication  to  serving  those  in  need,  and  the  formation  of  her  powerful  and  compassionate   organization,   The   Missionaries   Of   Charity.The   story   of   Mother   Theresa   and   her   works   is   an   inspiration   to   all. This  is  highly  recommended  reading. From  the  back  cover:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"There  is  something  else  to  remember? that  this  kind  of   love  begins  at  home. We  cannot  give  to  the  outside  what  we  don? t  have  on  the  inside. This  is  very  important. If  I  can’t  see   God? s   love   in   my   brother   and   sister   then   how   can   I   see   that   love   in   somebody   else? How   can   I   give   it   to   somebody   else? Everybody  has  got  some  good. Some  hide  it,  some  neglect  it,  but  it  is  there.   ? Mother  Theresa  Ã‚   The   Philosophy   Of   Freedom:   The   Basis   For   A   Modern   World   Conception   (1916)   was   translated   by   Michael   Wilson   and   is   an   early   work   of   philosophy   by   Rudolph   Steiner. Steiner   was   a   19th? century   philosopher,   spiritualist   and   clairvoyant   who   created   a   spiritual? p hilosophical   cosmology   that   he   called   anthroposophy. He   was   a   student   of   mystery   teachings,   and   was   involved   for   years   with   the   Theosophical   society,   as   well   as   the   Rosicrucians.The   Philosophy   Of   Freedom   was   his   defining   work   outlining   his   cosmological   view. From   the   back cover:  Are  we  free,  whether  we  know  it  or  not? Or  is  our  sense  of  freedom  merely  an  illusion? Rudolph  Steiner  tackles  this   age? old  problem  in  a  new  way. He  says  that  by  taking  account  of  our  own  activity  of  thinking,  we  can  know  the  reasons  for   our  actions. And  if  these  reasons  are  taken  from  our  world  of  the  ideals,  then  our  actions  are  free,  because  we  alone  determine   them. But   this   freedom   cannot   be   settled   for   us   by   philosophical   argument.It   is   not   simply   granted   to   us. If   we   want   to   become  free,  we  have  to  strive  by  our  own  inner  activity  to  overcome  our  unconscious  urges  and  habits  of  thought. In  order   to  do  this  we  must  reach  a  point  of  view  that  recognizes  no  limits  to  knowledge,  sees  through  all  illusions,  and  opens  the  door   to  an  experience  of  the  reality  of  the  spiritual  world. Then  we  can  achieve  the  highest  level  of  evolution. We  can  recognize   ourselves  as  free  spirit. ?Michael  Wilson  Ã‚   Gurdjieff:  The  Key  Concepts  (2003)  by  Sophia  Wellbeloved  is  a  thorough  investigation  of  Gurdjieff’s  legacy   of  work.From  the  back  cover:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sophia  Wellbeloved  has  provided  here  a  tool  for  delving  beneath  Gurdjieff’s  veil  of  words,   for  both  a  specialized  and  general  public†¦Ã‚  this  is  a  work  that  honors  Gurdjieff’s  gift  to  the  moral  and  spiritual  welfare  of   mankind. †Ã‚  ? Paul  Beekman  Taylor. â€Å"This  unique  book  offers  clear  definitions  of  Gurdjieff’s  teaching  terms,  placing  him   within  the  political,  geographical,  and  cultural  context  of  his  time. Selected  entries  look  at  diverse  aspects  of  his  work. †Ã‚   Teachings   Of   The   Hindu   Mystic   (2001)   by   Andrew   Harvey   is   a   compilation   of   writings   from   the   Hindu   mystical   tradition.Andrew   Harvey   is   a   wo rld? renowned   author,   lecturer,   and   teacher   of   the   world? s   spiritual   traditions. He  has  spent  many  years  studying  Hinduism,  Buddhism  and  Christianity. Included  are  works  from   the  Bhagavad? Gita,  the  Upanishads,  teachings  from  Ramakrishna  and  Ramana  Maharishi,  as  well  as  devotional   poetry   from   Mirabai,   Ramprasad,   and   others. This   is   a   great   introduction   to   Hindu   mystic   teachings,   with   its   beautiful  way  of  expression  through  lyrical  verse. Brother   Francis:   An   Anthology   Of   Writings   By   And   About   St. Francis   Of

A Schenkerian Analysis of Preludio from Bach’s Unaccompanied Violin Partita Essay

Very few theorists touch upon the topic of motivic and structural coherence in Bach’s dance suites. The keyboard and lute suites deservedly have more published analyses than the string suites – considering there are simply more of them – leaving the cello and violin suites pristine and practically untouched, and unjustifiably so. The most obscure are the violin suites, particularly the BWV 1006 in E major. With the exception of the well-known published analysis by Schenker of the Preludio, Carl Schachter’s analysis of the Gavotte en Rondeaux, no other analysis can be found of this partita. Building on Schenker and Schachter, I present my own Schenkerian analysis of the Preludio. With the help of David Beach’s book on unity in Bach suites and Joel Lester’s book on Bach’s solo violin works, I address motivic and structural coherence in this partita with some observations that apply to all of Bach’s violin suites. Bach composed six unaccompanied works for the violin in the year 1720, three Sonatas da chiesa and three Partitas. The â€Å"partita†, as understood during Bach’s time, was a set of variations; as one might infer, this definition implies that some or all movements of each partita are variations of each other. The BWV 1006 has seven movements and the only violin partita that begins with a prelude. David Beach addresses the first two of three violin Partitas in his book, observing the importance of the neighbor motion as a motivic pattern in the first and second Partitas. I wish to call attention to the great significance of the neighbor motion that is present in the third Partita as well. The Preludio opens with a lower-neighbor figure E-D#-E, and the figure occurs within every modulation. It’s noteworthy that Urlinie itself, in fact, contains an incomplete neighbor. The Gavotte en Rondeaux is the literal embodiment of the variation concept. Being the only violin partita with a Rondo movement, the notion that a partita is a set of variation is most evident through this partita. Regarding Gavotte en Rondeaux, Carl Schachter suggests that as the episodes increase in complexity, the ritornello seems more and more parenthetical. In a sense the two episodes can be organically linked over the ritornello, and thus the concept of the Rondo is realized even more so beyond its surficial sectionalized design. Continuing with this notion, I suspect that as a whole, the movements of BWV 1006 can be linked together specifically because it is a set of variations, despite its superficial differences. Structural coherence of the partita can be inferred from the Preludio. The piece is typically heard as two sections that are quite similar, while this division seems insignificant, it suggests a subtle element of variety. Being a prelude, it would not be presumptuous to assume either one the two things: the other movements will have similar two-part divisions, or other movements will also have varying sections. To facilitate an in-depth analysis of the Preludio, I have produced foreground and middle ground graphs. However, I made my graphs after consulting Schenker’s own analysis of the Preludio. As one of Schenker’s earlier analyses, it is noteworthy that he reads the Urlinie as an 8-line; this octave-line interpretation creates more problems than a reading from 3. However, the basic, fundamental idea Schenker presented provides a blueprint for a reading, which, in my view, is more accurate. Schenker offered FIG. 1 in conjunction with the 8-line Urlinie, without specifying exactly what the relationship is. I propose that Schenker intuited the significance of the neighbor motion in the Urlinie, and read 8 as a cover tone. From Schenker’s figure above I present my notion of the incomplete upper neighbor [FIG. 2]. The de-emphasis of the returning 3 as a passing tone from 4 to 2 lends importance to the incomplete upper neighbor A, supported by IV. This self-contained tonal area stretches over half of the Preludio. A reprise of an opening passage at the initiation of the A prolongation gestures its independence from its surrounding, indeed a smaller organism enveloped within the larger animal. This is evident through the internal auxiliary cadence to A that accompanies the tonal area IV. In retrospect, the IV is already a long-term goal from the beginning. The first 58 measures properly set the stage for the emergence of IV. The first step on the path to IV is the movement to VI as a short-term goal. This is done by first moving to G# (m. 39) through F# (m. 37), creating a third progression E-F#-G# in the process. The G# is employed first in the top voice as primary tone and then in the bass as pedal point, also the fifth to the incoming C# (m. 51) [FIG 4.  EX. 1]. The C#, in a sense, is a midway stopping point from E major on its way to A major. A# in measure 53 leads to B, creating yet another third progression G#-A#-B. The B is to be read not as V of E but as II of A, unfolding to tonic through two consecutive fifths B-E-A [EX. 2]. As we shall see, the contour of the bass forecasts what is to come; additionally this prelude within the Preludio presents the material for further elaboration and development. Now firmly in A, a memorable passage from measures17-28 is restated in the new key, as though a second beginning. This reiteration casts upon listeners a sense of home, even though the music has strayed to a new tonal area. As I stated before, the 58-measures prelude will matured and grow in its new environment. The bass progression moves in the similar contour as the early 58 measures. The F# (VI) in the bass being a third below A, serves as a short-term goal as a midway stopping point on its way to D# (V65). The long-term relationship between A and D# results in a tri-tone which intensifies the arrival of V [E, 4]. The midway F# is unfolded from G# the same manner as the unfolding of A from B, through two consecutive fifths F#-D#-G# [E, 3]. The internal Urlinie is initiated by C# over A in [E, 2], and falls upon an implied B above the D# as 2, the B is prolonged over the V in a 6-5 motion [E, 5]. The path between V on its way back to I is quite sophisticated. In the treble, a sequential circle of fifths is used to take the fifths (E-B) to the octaves (A-A) [E, 5. 5]. With an 8-7 motion, the A octave becomes a B7 chord. The B acts as pedal point at this point in the bass [E, 6]. As the seventh of B resolves to G#, B leaps a third to D#, which then is registrally shifted to a lower register through arpeggiation. The low D# then compose out a D#7 chord reaching a high A, thus the end of the internal Urlinie is reached. It should be noted that Schenker pointed out a large-scale voice exchange, consisting of B and D# between measure 120 and measure 128 [see foreground graph pg. 8]. The V in the bass arpeggiation is now approached with utmost anticipation as the weight of the entire Preludio shifts upon its imminent arrival; with only a few measures left, one has to onder in what magnificent way the V will be executed to counterbalance the monumental build to the IV? As the internal Urlinie is fulfilled in measure 131, two descending third progressions in parallel sixths [E, 7] bring forth the most dramatic, German style of violin execution: one dotted quarter B7 quadruple stop that brings the Preludio to a single halt, as the V is finally in place. The effective but swift gesture is sustained by A, the seventh, no longer an incomplete upper neighbor but supported by V. As the A moves through G# to F#, a 7-6-5 motion is created over V as Urlinie scale degree 2 is reached [E, 8]. The bass returns home to its original tonic E in measure 137, and the Urlinie is satisfied as well with E in the treble. The last two measures are coda, finishing the piece in a similar manner as it opened, unfolding itself back into the high E through two octaves. Extended bow technique is demanded to perform the Preludio, perhaps more so than the other movements; but that is not to say the big shifts and the frequent adjusting to unconventional positions is any more comfortable for the left hand. The consistent stream of sixteenth notes in a fast ? nvokes immediate association to a keyboard prelude. Furthermore, the multiple voices created through exploiting the full range of the instrument allows for keyboard features such as pedal point, register shifts. Combined with multiple subject entries and modulations, this piece contains mature Baroque characters of a Bach keyboard prelude. Ironically, Bach wrote such a prelude for a most unsuitable instrument, perhaps with the knowledge that only with correct and virtuosic execution can its full intended effect be achieved. As I begin to understand the purpose of each note, I play the piece better. Mindless playing and practicing is unfulfilling and futile, and can only produce the most stiff and lifeless imitations of music, if I may quote Schenker. As for the issue concerning unity in all of Bach’s work, both Lester and Beach discussed first two violin partitas at length but strangely failed to address the last partita, I think the research on this topic remains incomplete without consideration of this partita. It would be interesting, if not absolutely necessary to look into the rest of the partita to see what it has to offer.

A Study On Islamic Architecture History Essay

A Study On Islamic Architecture History Essay Construction of the  Great Mosque at Cordoba   marks the beginning of Islamic architecture in the  Iberian Peninsula. Muslims as well as the Christians consider it a wonder of the medieval ages. At the site of a Christian Visigothic Church, the construction of The Great Mosque of Cordoba began between 784 and 786. Abd ar-Rahman, who bought the church and his descendants, modified it over two centuries to transform it into a mosque, starting in 784. The mosque itself was built in four phases  and is observed as a trademark of sacred Islamic architecture. After taking over Cordoba in 1236, Ferdinand III king of Castile set apart the Great Mosque to be the city’s cathedral, Mezquita, and used it with negligible changes for the next three hundred years.   [ 1 ]    In 929, when Abd al-Rahman III declared himself caliph, the Spanish Umayyads had attained the peak of their supremacy. The caliph displayed his novel position by building, about 13 kilometres Northwest of Co rdoba, the palace city of Madinah al-Zahra, with its focus to impress the world and exhibit its massive military. He made it his empire’s managerial and legislative headquarters. The construction in Medina al-Zahra proceeded swiftly, particularly since Abd al-Rahman III put in one third of the state revenues in its progression. Finally, he brought in the largest and most grand secular venture of his period, which stayed matchless irrespective of the numerous cities founded until its end. As the caliphate fell in the 11th century, the city then was sacked and smoldered. The new Minister of Calipf Hisham II, Vizir-ul-Mansur shifted his attention towards the east of Cordoba and abandon the city during his reign. Later, the Berber troops destroyed this palace-city in 1010.   [ 2 ]    Iconography The Great Cordoba Mosque is most renowned for its giant arches, with 856 columns of  onyx,  marble  and  granite. These legendary arches were made from remains of the Roman te mple which had occupied the spot previously as well as other ruined Roman buildings As most of these components were different sizes, their amalgamation into an articulate piece, was in itself a major architectural achievement. The double arches were a novel introduction to architecture and helped carry the tremendous weight of the high ceilings. However, the hypostyle architecture consists of a rectangular prayer hall with extraordinary manifestation of its interior and an enclosed courtyard. The prayer Hall had aisles upright to Qibla and a wall showing the direction of the Qibla. The mosque also has luxuriously gilded prayer niches for the elites with a centrally located dome has blue tiles ornamented with stars. The Mihrab is a masterpiece of architectural skill, with geometric and fluid floral designs. The most opulent interior ornament is positioned in the maqsura, the prayer space reserved for the ruler, which was specially customized for the caliph, al-Hakam II. Screens crea ted of highly structured intersecting cloisters separate the maqsura evidently from the rest of the prayer hall. The main hall of the mosque came into use for a variety of purposes. It served as a central hall for teaching, and to manage law and order, during the tenet of Abd-Al-Rahman. The walls of the mosque were indulged in carved Quranic inscriptions. Some of the most prominent features were an open court (sahn) surrounded by screens of wood, minarets, colourful mosaics, and windows of coloured glass.   [ 3 ]

Use book content to explain 5 video Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Use book content to explain 5 video - Essay Example These organizations adopt different strategies to manage respective production operations. Notably, quality control and technology are the most common things among the five videos (Russell and Taylor 54). In the video on how to make Jeans, quality control is very prominent. The making of jeans includes choosing the fabric, designing patterns, and tailoring. Manufactures enhance the quality of denim jeans by choosing unique textiles and high quality fabric for denim and pocketing since denims are seemingly too thin. As such, they chose â€Å"jeans-grade" denim that guarantee high quality denim jeans. Cotton is a high quality material for denim jeans. The fabric distinguishes denim jeans from other off-the-rack jeans. The manufactures washes and dries the fabric to make it easier to work with. The process also ensures that finished denim jeans are fitting. The process also entails roughening up which adds quality to the jeans. The manufactures use modern technologies to trim and design patterns for the denim jeans. In the video on how to make skateboards, quality control is supreme. The manufactures use high quality materials that include veneer, tie bond glue, router of rasp, and molded press. Notably, veneer defines a hard rock maple that prevents the skateboards from vibrating. Moreover, the hard maple made from oak wood prevents the skateboard from breaking since it is strong. On the other hand, the tie bond glue guarantees a strong bond thus creating a durable skateboard. To add on quality, manufactures adopt a specific arrangement of venners. The venners follow one another in layers that include the Face, Core layer, Cross band, Core layer, Cross Band, Core layer, and a final Face. The molded press enhances compatibility of the skateboards. In the video on how to make cosmetics, it is clear that quality is supreme. The process of making cosmetics includes ingredients that must have the approval of the FDA. It involves color additives that

Calvin Geneva and His Influence on European Reformation Essay

Calvin Geneva and His Influence on European Reformation - Essay Example According to George (pp. 23-25) in 1536, Calvin went to Geneva, where he was a reform led by Guillaume Farel well under way. In the light of the opinion of Cottret (pp. 78-81) Calvin was persuaded to stay in Geneva and helped manage the second major wave of Protestantism. In their ordinances of 1541, he gave a new organization to pastors, doctors, the elderly, and those who were deacons of the church. Its institutes of the Christian religion (1536) had great influence in France, Scotland (where John Knox led the reform of Calvinist), and among the Puritans in England. Geneva became the center of a large company that reached missionary in France, where the Huguenots became so influential that a synod met in Paris in 1559 for ordering a church at the national level of about 2,000 congregations reformed. As a result of the French wars of religion, the party of Huguenot was controlled and kept the French monarchy Catholic kingdom (Hpfl, pp. 90-98). It could be claimed that Calvin has exerted an enormous influence in the realms of economics and politics through his famous teaching on "predestination" (Kingdon, pp. 231-233) which he developed from the New Testament letters of Paul and writings of Augustine. This doctrine mentions that God has the complete right to choose whom he will for salvation, which, while ruling out human endeavor or goodness as a factor in the equation, can lead - as Max Weber notably argued - to concerned individuals seeking from God signs of their having been selected (McGrath, pp. 78-84). These most clearly take the form of economic success, rewards for tough graft and sound investment, and although Calvin himself aimed to be wary of commercial activity, placing in high regard the life of poverty, the great economic revolution of much of Europe and the United States in subsequent centuries was led by people claiming allegiance to his ideas. Prestwich (pp. 78-79) Calvin saw the world, including the realm of history, as "the theater of God's glory," and he urged Christian scholars to peruse the past in order to discover patterns of divine providence and spiritual blessing. Calvin advocated a kind of historical scholarship that was both critical and providentialist (Prestwich, pp. 78-79), one in which the line between sacred and secular history was intentionally blurred. He wrote: "It is not enough to have our eyes open and to note well and mark what God does during our lives, but we must profit from ancient histories. In fact, this is why our Lord has wanted us to have some notable judgments left in writing, so that the memory of them would remain forever. And we should not only profit from what is contained in Holy Scripture, but when we hear what is spoken by the histories written by the pagans, we should also have the prudence to apply to ourselves what God has done" (Badertscher, pp. 67-71). It appears that Calvin's reforming project in Geneva coincided almost exactly with the Council of Trent and reassertion of Catholicism after the blow dealt it by the popularity of Luther's ideas. Philosophy of religion the theological teaching and political views developed by the French theologian and church

Financial Analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Analysis - Term Paper Example In the case of Competition Bikes Inc., they have been using traditional costing methods and have recently given ABC a try. The following is the data for the overhead costs of six items: From the figure above, we see the difference in production costs due to the cost allocation method. Under the traditional approach, the manufacturing overheads were overpriced for the Titanium model at $239,020 whereas the actual costs is $188,415. Consequently, the total manufacturing cost is also affected. Using the ABC approach would reduce the manufacturing cost of Titanium products, hence, helping the company get better margins. Similarly, for the Carbon DL model, the manufacturing overhead is underpriced at $232,380 whereas using ABC, we found it to be $282,985. Therefore, the product cost is less than the actual cost incurred. Hence, based on the above findings, we can conclude that Activity Based Costing method is the right approach for cost allocation as it allocates costs to individual activ ities making cost identification better. Moreover, it also helps in making operational improvements as with ABC, we have a clear idea of the cost centers. Evaluation of Cost-Volume-Profit Cost-volume-profit analysis also sometimes termed as breakeven analysis is the point at which revenues equal costs (both fixed and variable costs), i.e. a point of no loss or no gain. The analysis assumes that costs and revenue behave in a linearly and both fixed and variable costs have been accurately assigned. It also assumes that all units produced are sold and in the case of more than one type of product, the sales mix remains constant. Cost-Volume-Profit amalysis is the analysis that provides a company a rough understanding of the number of units they can produce to earn a particular amount of profit while incurring certain cost. One of the tools of Cost-Volume-Proft is Breakeven Analysis, which describes the units are which revenue equal cost. Bascially, this means that if Competition Bikes c an sell more than 1415 units of the Titanium model and 786 units of CarbonLite, they would be able to earn profit. Breakeven analysis describes the volume above which a company can earn profits while incurring the same amount of costs. The following figure provides the calculations for the Breakeven Analysis of Competition Bikes Inc. for their plant in San Diego with Titanium model of 900 units and CarbonLite model with 500 units. From the figure above, we can see that if Competition Bikes Inc. sells a total of 2201 units of Titanium and CarbonLite models combined, they would be able to breakeven and if they sell more than 2201 units, they can earn profit. It is also necessary to find the individual breakeven points of both the models. Competition Bikes need to sell 1415 units of Titanium model and 786 units of CarbonLite to be at the point where they suffer no loss and no gain. If we analyze the breakeven point in terms of sales dollars, we know that for Titanium, $1,273,500 are th e breakeven figures whereas for CarbonLite they are $1,175,070 as it is expensive than the Titanium model that is why lesser units and more sales dollars result in the breakeven of CarbonLite. An increase in fixed costs results in increasing both the breakeven units and sales dollars. If the fixed costs of Competition Bikes Inc. increases by an additional $50,000 and the cost of direct materials increase by 10%, then the following breakeven calculations would result: As we can see

IT Architectural Considerations Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

IT Architectural Considerations - Case Study Example IT Architectural Considerations a. IT characteristics i. Accessibility Accessibility of the centralized sales and product system will be highly restrictive to specific people who will use the system to play specific roles or undertake specific purposes. On the whole, the sales IT manager shall be the head of the system and so he shall have full access to the system. All sales departmental heads shall also have access to the system but they shall not have access to manipulate data put into the system in any way. This is because accounts data are very crucial for determining the progress of the company and need not be tampered with. Finally, accountants and auditors shall have access to the data in the system but shall not have access to operate the system in any way. ii. Availability Since sales, payment and product registration go on in the company on regular basis, the system shall be available for use on regular basis by those who are permitted to have access to it. As often and re gularly as sales are made in any department or any branch of the company, payment input shall be made into the system so that the system will have to record the payment and undertake a comprehensive summation at the head office of the sales. iii. Portability One of the most outstanding advantages of the new technology for the sales and products department is its portability. This is because the framework of the system has been designed to centralize all accounts records of the company. This means that there will not be little fragments of account data to deal with: therefore making the system very portable and handy. One aspect of the system that makes it even more portable is the fact that the system will not be accessible to a lot more people. iv. Reliability The system has been designed on the bases of reliability and accuracy. For instance data entered into the sales and payment system cannot be manipulated in any way by any body expect by the senior sales IT officer. This means that the company shall have reliable sales and payment records. The situation whereby some people are likely to embezzle funds will thus be catered for under the system. The company shall there be expectant of financial growth henceforth b. security aspects as they relate to the technology solution i. Authentication & Authorization Authentication and authorization are important components of any IT system especially when it deals with accounts figures. Wells (1996) explains that â€Å"authentication tools provide the ability to determine the identity of a party to an interaction and to ensure that a message came from who it claims to have come from.† Based on this background, all operators of sales machines have been given registered for a special verification process that makes use of thumbprint. Users therefore have to register their thumbprints into the sales machines before they can access it. Without this verification, data recorded into the sales machine will not be re corded by the new IT system. ii. Prevention & Resistance Any technology system that does not focus on prevention and resistance lacks a good security basis. For this reason, no matter the authentication and authorization features incorporated into the system, the way must be paved for any security breaches to be prevented all together (Purpura,2002). For this reason, a prevention

Public Relation Writing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Public Relation Writing - Assignment Example ‘Fake news’ items are deliberate hoax stories intended for public relations and may not necessarily be true or entirely true; they are meant to sway public opinions concerning certain individuals, businesses, products or firms, among others. For instance, an example of a news item that could pass for a fake news item is from the Washington post as reported on sixth of June 2013 concerning how Wells Fargo settled complaint on foreclosed homes (Douglas). This news article is clearly a ‘fake’ news article passed on through the newspaper as a PR stunt, to market the corporate to the public; the anticipated positive feedback from such a news item is good for business at the company. This news item strikes as fake news because it is only reporting the positive deeds by Wells Fargo in terms of settling the allegations of foreclosed homes, while vindicating the company from any blame. Q.2 Newspapers often localize some of their news items to particular audiences in particular places such as cities and towns; the Washington post as published on sixth of June 2013 has various news items that have been localized to certain audiences. For instance, the Philadelphia story about the six people that were killed when a building that was being demolished collapsed on Wednesday is an example of a national story (Associated Press). This particular news item is a national story that has been localized for people of Philadelphia because it directly concerns their state, and not any other in America. The news item begins with a headline that mentions the state of Philadelphia, then presenting the news; this tagging of news indicates that the news concerns Philadelphia in particular. The news mentions the families of the six victims that perished in the building that collapsed and efforts made to reach them in consolation for the loss of their loved ones. Q.3 The Washington post as published on sixth of June 2013 reports of the use of social media by the Nat ional Security Agency to collect secret information from around the world. The National Security Agency gathers information from social sites and service providers such as Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, Facebook, PalTalk, Skype, YouTube and Apple, among others (Gellman). The use of social media is an effective way of gathering information that is vital for maintaining national security, and according to the Director of National Intelligence James Clapper, the information collected is the most valuable and important foreign intelligence. Q.4 Hard news stories in newspapers are mostly about topics such as politics, business and international news; however, some heavily reported news stories about what can be considered soft subject matter such as entertainment can be considered hard news. In this regard, the seriousness of the story reported in newspapers may determine whether it can be considered hard or soft news; from the Washington post as published on sixth of June 2013, there are var ious hard news stories. For instance, what can be considered as a hard news story is the story about Romney mixing business and politics in his tour to the Park City during the Uttah conference (Horowitz). The news story provides details of Romney’s interactions with John Schoenfeld who spent time assessing investments of Solamere Capital, a company co-founded by Romney’

Majority decision in a democracy Research Paper

Majority decision in a democracy - Research Paper Example This paper looks at how decisions are reached in a democratic state and argues that a decision by the majority does not necessarily always yield optimal results. This is because the majority of people may not have access to crucial information for making informed decisions. This conundrum of how best to govern people has confounded sages for ages going back to the times of the ancient Greek philosophers. Various types of government styles were tried in order to find the ideal and perfect form of governance that will give the best results in terms of stability, peace and contentment for all citizens. Governance can be considered as a social experiment in which various governance structures are tried to see which works best. Governmental forms are part of the larger political systems of a country. Among the various forms that were quite common before (with some still existing today in hybrid forms) are monarchy, oligarchy, plutocracy, timocracy, autocracy, anarchy, democracy, socialism and republicanism, among many others. The most common form of political system prevailing in the world today is democracy. However, its being common does not necessarily confer it is a superior political system; all that can be said about democracy is that it is the best option until a better alternative can be found that best fits the objectives of a country when it comes to the issue of governance. The ideal form of government must achieve the triple purposes of peace, stability and contentment where issues and concerns of all citizens are adequately answered. This paper attempts to point out the defects and deficiencies of a democracy and also offers an exciting alternative form of rule which is the elitist type of rule. The word elitist often invites a derisive connotation but it actually offers a better prospective form of governance. Elitism is not bad per se as it envisions a rule by people best qualified to govern the rest of the people. It does not imply exclusivity as any one who qualifies to be a member can become one. Discussion Plato (427-347 B.C.) during his time had already seen the weaknesses of democracy. This was the reason why he advocated for a different form of government – that of the rule by the chosen few, the aristocracy. His version of aristocracy is not what we think of it today that is based on owning vast tracts of land or being fabulously wealthy; rather, an aristocrat is the person who had been educated in philosophy and therefore knows a lot about virtues and in the exercise thereof, will lead people into wealth and happiness. The classical definition of the word aristocracy, as far as Plato was concerned, is a rule by the best persons of a society. This idealistic state of government is rather very utopian in aspirations, though. Plato had given up on democracy as virtually chaotic as he had seen some of its effects on Athenian society in his time, such as some occasions of mob rule and how the electorate or the general populace put into office during an election people who were not well qualified. A fairly strong dislike of democracy led to his criticisms that it will eventually lead to tyranny. In a sense, he was right on this aspect, as democracy can be considered as a form of tyranny, that is, tyranny by the majority on the minority. Further, Plato had only seen the nascent forms of democracy during his time in which it would still naturally and expectedly be chaotic. He had not seen how modern democracy works today in which safeguards are in place. He had regarded democracy as a poor form of government, much inferior than monarchy itself. What Plato instead argued for strongly was aristocracy, in order to put the best people into government positions and let them make all the important policy decisions. He thought that aristocrats are the best people to govern because they

How stakeholder theory linked with Corporate social resoponisiblty IN Essay - 1

How stakeholder theory linked with Corporate social resoponisiblty IN TESCO - Essay Example Tesco is an organization that is the marketing agent and forms part of the stakeholders’ theory. It is related with CSR in that it is included in the annual reports given to CEOs and it defines the terms and policies of the firm for the purpose of integrity of the firm (Louche, Idowu and Leal Filho, 2010) Investors on the other hand give the capital to the company and also get ready market for the products and services. Each of these groups has a big role to play in the business cooperate. Hence there is need for a health co existence with these groups with the business. Blattberg who is a philosopher argues that stakeholder theory assumes the interests of stakeholders but a compromise can be made on these groups upon close considerations (Simpson & Taylor, 2013). Louche, C., Idowu, S. O., & Leal Filho, W. (2010).  Innovative CSR from risk management to value creation. Sheffield, UK, Greenleaf.

Leadership Style Essay Example for Free

Leadership Style Essay My style of leadership is as a developer. Style 3 which an approach allowing people to think things through on their own, yet implementing guidelines on how to handled issues with delivering pharmacy care to our patients. This leadership technique requires the employee to exhaust all options available based on their level of knowledge and issues that require extensive research or problem solving are escalated for me to resolve. In many cases, this style of leadership empowers the employees and many employees excel in their jobs because they have a sense that they are appreciated. On the other hand, the developer as a leader does not deal well with resistance from employees. When the leader avoids conflict this can result in a loss of morale and focus on completing work-related tasks. The people-first mindset of this type of leader makes it difficult to keep employees moving along in order to meet company goals. My group was composed of Style 2 problem solver and Style 3 developer. The problem solver of the group made themselves available themselves available and part of the leadership consisted of demanding the team to stay on track and following the outline of the course. The team members all understood that each of the other members had something to offer the leadership course in the quest to finish the objectives and move on to the next class. In comparison to the developers the problem solvers lead with passion. One of the major difference between the leadership styles is that problem-solvers are more visionary and thinks about the big picture while the developer takes a an internal approach and focusing on what the team requires to accomplish their goals. I have a better understanding that as a leader I must attempt to optimize how the team’s goals are developed not just the performance required to accomplish the goals. Developing these skills encompasses a maturation of motivation and values so that as a leader I can elevate the needs of the other team members. The Developer of the team will try to identify opportunities for positive feedback and avoid confrontations that are related to performance this could esult in slower progress to reach the teams goal because the developer to approach a non-performing team member. Other leadership styles may see the Developer’s team as having a lack of direction because the leader places the well being of member’s before the completion of a task. The pitfall can build frustration to other team members who are goal or task oriented and subsequently leads to lower performance standards for the group especially to the Director and Problem Solver who wants fast results from a task driven, highly motivated team. The leaders in the team are very similar because they are sincere, people-oriented, and goal oriented. The Problem Solver and Developer worked well to motivate the team to live up to the vision and the goals of tasks. I realized both leaders are fearful of making the hard choices and possible changes needed to succeed. The leaders focus on team members’ differences while supporting individual’s needs.

Text & Cases Problem Essay Example for Free

Text Cases Problem Essay 16 to 30 150,000.00 0.94 9,000.00 31 to 45 75,000.00 0.80 15,000.00 46 to 60 45,000.00 0.65 15,750.00 61 to 75 15,000.00 0.50 7,500.00 Over 75 15,000.00 15,000.00 Total 51,750.00 15,000.00 a. Appropriate balance for AFDA is $ 51,750.00 (equals to Allowance Amount in the Aging Schedule) b. Presentation of Accounts Receivable in Balance Sheet: Accounts Receivable 735,000.00 Less: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 51,750.00 Net, Accounts Receivable 683,250.00 c. Dollar Effect of Bad Debt Expense: AFDA, Beginning Balance 37,500.00 AFDA, Write-Off (15,000.00) AFDA, Movement 29,250.00 AFDA, Ending Balance 51,750.00 Dollar Effect of Bad Debt Expense is $ 29.250.00 (equals to movement amount of AFDA) Case 5-1: Question 1 Stern Corporation General Journal (in USD) Date Account Dr. Cr. 2010 Dec 31 Accounts Receivable 9,965,575.00 Sales 9,965,575.00 31 Cash 9,685,420.00 Accounts Receivable 9,685,420.00 31 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 26,854.00 Accounts Receivable 26,854.00 31 Accounts Receivable 4,594.00 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 4,594.00 31 Cash 2,108.00 Accounts Receivable 2,108.00 31 Cash 1,566.00 Accounts Receivable 1,566.00 31 Bad Debt Expense 29,886.00 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 29,886.00 Case 5-1: Question 2 (in USD) Account Beginning Balance, 2010 Movement, 2010 Ending Balance, 2010 Cash 671,344.00 9,689,094.00 10,360,438.00 Accounts Receivable 988,257.00 254,221.00 1,242,478.00 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 29,648.00 7,626.00 37,274.00 Sales 9,965,575.00 9,965,575.00 Bad Debt Expenses 29,886.00 29,886.00 a. Accounts Receivable balance as of Dec 31, 2010 is $ 1,242,478.00 b. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts balance as of Dec 31, 2010 is $ 37,274.00 Case 5-1: Question 3 1 Current Ratio Current Asset = 13,574,107.00 = 9.4915 Current Liabilities 1,430,132.00 Current Asset: Cash 10,360,438.00 Accounts Receivable 1,242,478.00 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (37,274.00) U.S Treasury Securities 274,060.00 Inventories 1,734,405.00 Total Current Asset 13,574,107.00 2 Acid Test Ratio Current Monetary Asset = 11,839,702.00 = 8.2787 Current Liabilities 1,430,132.00 Current Monetary Asset: Cash 10,360,438.00 Accounts Receivable 1,242,478.00 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (37,274.00) U.S Treasury Securities 274,060.00 Total Current Monetary Asset 11,839,702.00 3 Days Receivable Accounts Receivable = 1,242,478.00 = 45.5071 Days Sales / 365 27,302.95

The Co Operative Bank Commerce Essay

The Co Operative Bank Commerce Essay The co operative bank is the oldest democratic and ethical bank of UK . For over 150 years the bank has been a democratic bank , never losing its edge on its democratic stature . It would be very interesting to know about the work culture of such a big democratic bank . The co operative bank is also a secular bank . The employees not just consist of catholics but also people from other religions . For example the treasury of the co operative bank is Rajesh Bhatia who is a hindu . So people from diverse religions are working together to form one big bank that is co operative bank . The bank tries to maintain a very friendly environment for its employees . All the employees are given a chance to suggest their views but there is a process in which these views are analysed . This process takes place in stages . If some worker has any new idea then hw will tell it to the manager . The manager will first look into the idea then he will analyse it and decide the category of the idea . W hether the idea is related to Mars or retailing or the general insurance . After categorising the idea the manager will then send it to the head of that respective area . They take a look at that idea and in turn send it to the acting CEO . The CEO will forward it to the board of directors and then the decision will be taken . All important decisions are taken in this same manner or stages . It might take a little time but the process is a full proof procedure . The workers never refer to the manager as Sir . They always call him by his name . The employees feel very good working in the co operative bank . The co operative bank has been rated as one of Britains top employers 2012 by http://www.britainstopemployers.co.uk . A lot of aspects have been considered in this research before coming to the conclusion that this bank has outstanding working conditions . The outstanding working conditions include commitment to social goals , ability to mix profits with principles , rejuvenatin g a much loved brand , pioneering fair trade sales in UK and commitment to ethical finance . Britains top employers 2012 first made close assessments with the HR division of The co operative bank . Here all the critical areas of the HR department were assessed such as primary benefits , secondary benefits , working conditions , training and career opportunities . A review is then taken . The review is thoroughly taken from the answers of actual participants only and then ratings are given . The co operative bank achieved positive ratings and reviews in almost all the sectors of assessments . Source: Rabobank WORKING STARTEGY Even though The co operative bank is an ethical bank but they do charge interests . Because every organization needs funds to keep working . One great advantage of the The co operative group is that they are not just operating in banks but also in food retails , housing , farming and education . So the profits from all the sectors are utilized thoroughly and they try to distribute it equally . Last year profits of around 50 million pounds were earned and about 40% of the profits were distributed to members , staff and community groups . One of the important business strategies of The co operative bank is providing memberships . Membership is what makes The co operative bank different from other businesses because The co operative bank is run by its members and the bank gives a chance to its members to say how the company needs to be run . When one becomes a member then he will get a membership card . So everytime a member buys something from The co operative then they can use t heir membership card . By doing this they earn points . Twice a year , the points that the member has earned are turned into cash and given to him as a share of the profits . It is very easy to become a member and there are lots of deals , discounts and money saving offers for the members to enjoy . Not only can one choose from the outstanding financial products of The co operative bank but by simply doing the day to day banking as a member , he can increase his share of profits as well. On current accounts , for every 10 pounds held on an average in a co operative bank , one can earn 1 point . For mortgages , for every 40 pounds outstanding on a Co operative bank or Britannia mortgage , one can earn 1 point . For loans , for every 10 pounds outstanding on a Co operative bank or smile loan , one can earn 1 point . For Savings accounts , every 20 pounds held in a Co operative bank , smile or Britannia savings account , one can earn 1 point . For Car/home/pet insurance , for hol ding an annual Co operative insurance policy , one can earn upto 250 points . For credit card , every 10 pounds held on or borrowed on Co operative bank or smile credit cards , one can earn 1 point . According to http://www.co-operativebank.co.uk , one of the most important and profitable startegies for The co operative bank was to merge with Britannia on 1st August 2009 . This merger aimed at providing better profit for the share holders and also creating new employment opportunities . This new business was successful in achieving more than 70 billion pounds of assets , nine million customers , more than 12,000 employees , more than 300 branches and 20 corporate banking centres . The Co operative now comprises of The co operative bank including smile and The Britannia business , The co operative insurance and The co operative investments . ANALYSIS Let us do a SWOT analysis on The co operative bank . According to David Jobber , a SWOT analysis is a structured approach to evaluating the strategic position of a business by identifying its strengths , weaknesses , opportunities and threats . Strengths According to the article The Co-operative : How to measure its strength , The co operative has an advantage of the internet bank Smile. This Smile has become a very successful form of internet banking in the recent years . It has increased the demand of The co operative bank very much . Smile is a very famous and efficient provider of pensions and insurance . The profits of The co operative banks boomed to 73.4 million pounds in the first half of 2008 . According to http://www.co-operative.coop , the core banking platforms of the bank has been upgraded by introducing some of the most modern computing systems which are very fast and efficient . So this has also improved customer servicing effectively and thus increased customer satisfaction and improving their experience . During the merger with Britannia branded branches , these technological improvements gave customers near four fold increase in outlets to conduct their banking . Weaknesses According to The Cooperative Banking Model: Performance and Opportunities by Hans Groeneveld , now a days the members find it difficult to manage the organisation due to the increased complexity of the organisation in which the management group consists of dedicated professionals . It has also been found out that the membership process makes the decision making very slow and also prevents innovation and adjustments to new developments . (Hans Groeneveld , 2011) Opportunities The co operative bank provides opportunities to further ones career and also to build one from the scratch . The bank provides job opportunities at its head office in Manchester and also at other branches . The company is maintaining a separate portal for registration for jobs . The bank also provides a lot of credit facilities to the customers if they want to start a new venture . Threats The evolution of large scale foreign and unknown markets could endanger the traditional heart of The co operative bank . Recently The co operative bank has started taking a lot of risks involving high profit investments . In one of the move of the bank , it announced plans to transfer work out of North Staffordshire . This move would almost leave jobs of 65 employees under threat . Apparently this move is being made for greater financial control and tougher regulatory requirements. STRENGTHS 1 High customer satisfaction 2 Rising market shares , dense branch networks 3 Stable profits , high rating , low funding costs 4 Relatively unaffected by credit crisis 5 Contribution to stability and diversity in financial systems WEAKNESSES 1 Become more complex 2 Difficult to manage due to complexity 3 Membership process makes decision making slow 4 Slow innovation OPPORTUNITIES 1 Further ones career 2 Help in new venture 3 Financial advice 4 Good credit facilities THREATS 1 threats from large scale foreign and unknown markets 2 Increase in risks by The co operative bank 3 The move to leave out North Staffordshire Now let us look at some macroenvironmental aspects of The co operative bank . These include political , economic , ecological , social and technological aspects . Political As it has been explained in the hierarchy of The co operative bank , it is a democratic bank . Economic The co operative bank has been one of the most successful banks of uk in recent times . It has tried to maintain its economy throughout . This can be found out by comparing their financial performance between 2010 and 2011 as per http://www.co-operative.coop/corporate/Press/Press-releases/Headline-news/Results-2011/ Financial performance 2011 2010 % change Gross sales  £13.3bn  £13.1bn +1.0% Group operating profit  £585m    £582m +0.5% Profit before tax and member payments (equivalent to the pre-tax profit of a plc)  £373m  £396m -5.8% Net borrowings  £1.49bn  £1.44bn +3.3% Ecological According to A co-operative green economy by Pat Conaty , protecting the environment is one of the very important aspects of The co operative . These include reducing the gross green house gas emissions by 35 % by 2017 , producing around 25% of electricity using renewable sources of energy , setting up a head office that will set new standards in sustainable design , construction and operation . Thus they are also concerned with the safety of the environment . Social Inspite of so much competition and other foreign forces , concerne have been made to maintain the ethical standards of The co operative bank . The bank has been quiet successful in this approach . The fact that it won so many accolades proves it . Some of the awards that it won in 2011 include winner of the Observers Ethical Business Award; first place in Business in the Communitys Climate Change Award and Platinum Plus in their Corporate Responsibility Index; a leading ranking in the Sunday Times Best Green Companies List; and winner of The Financial Times award for Europes Most Sustainable Bank. Technological The bank went through massive technological renovation recently and has upgraded itself with all new systems . The banks call centre has been very efficient in helping the people with difficulties . Smile has been one of the top internet banking .

The Scarlet Ibis :: essays research papers

The Scarlet Ibis Brotherhood can either be "the state or quality of being a brother, or an association of men united in a common interest, work, etc., as a fraternity." That statement says that someone really does not need to have another sibling to be a brother. Friends can act like brothers, or people in a fraternity can be brothers. I am in DeMolay and all the other members are considered my brothers. We all work together to accomplish things, and we never let people down. Brothers are people who get along with other people. In "The Scarlet Ibis," Doodle refers to his older brother quite often. The remarks he makes helps show that brotherhood is the main theme of the story. When Doodle was up on the loft looking at a casket, his brother explained to him that the casket was made for him, Doodle. His brother told Doodle that he will not help him down unless he touches it. Doodle then said that he was not going to touch it, and his brother told him that he will leave him by himself unless he touches it. Doodle's next remark is, "Don't leave me Brother." That shows how Doodle loved his brother, and that he did not want to be separated from him. (By the way, Doodle does touch the casket). Another example is at the end of the story when Doodle and his brother were running to the house during a thunderstorm. Doodle's brother was far ahead and just let his brother behind like he did not care about him. Doodle's brother then hears Doodle scream, "Brother, Brother, don't leave me! Don't leave me!" Doodle's brother kept on running until he became too tired to run. He stopped and waited for Doodle, but nobody came. He then ran back and found Doodle under a bush. Doodle was dead. This shows how selfish and mean Doodle's brother was to Doodle.

Portfolio Analysis and Investment Essay -- Investment Theory Brokers E

Portfolio Analysis and Investment This assignment is concerned with your understanding of the key issues relative to portfolio analysis and investment. In completing this assignment you are to limit your scope to the US stock markets only. Use the Cybrary, the Internet, and course resources to write a 2-page essay which you will use with new clients of your financial planning business which addresses the following issues and/or practices: ? How individual investors make investment decisions in practice rather than in theory; and ? How investors manage their funds/savings/ investments in light of current stock markets. In your response, build upon extant portfolio theory and make sure to talk about different types of risks that investors might face and how they go about managing such risks. This means you need to consider topics such as efficient frontier and optimal portfolios; as well their relevance to investment theory. Furthermore, given the nature of the assignment, avoid bringing the brokerage industry into your discussion. In other words, assume you can invest directly in the stock market and do not need any financial intermediaries like brokerage houses. Investment theory is based upon some simple concepts. Investors should want to maximize their return while minimizing their risk at the same time. In order to accomplish this goal investors should diversify their portfolios based upon expected returns and standard deviations of individual securities. Investment theory assumes that investors are risk averse, which means that they will choose a portfolio with a smaller standard deviation. (Alexander, Sharpe, and Bailey, 1998). It is also assumed that wealth has marginal utility, which basically means that a dollar potentially lost has more perceived value than a dollar potentially gained. An indifference curve is a term that represents a combination of risk and expected return that has an equal amount of utility to an investor. A two dimensional figure that provides us with return measurements on the vertical axis and risk measurements (std. deviation) on the horizontal axis will show indifference curves starting at a point and moving higher up the vertical axis the further along the horizontal axis it moves. Therefore a risk averse investor will choose an indifference curve that lies the furthest to the northwest because this would r... ...n efficient set that is on a straight line connecting the risk free rate to the most northwest point that we had identified previously. Now the risk averse investor has a lower risk for the same amount of return compared to the portfolios that did not include risk free lending. The combination is better because the points on the straight line are further northwest than the portfolios from the previous paragraph. Of course the lower the level of risk aversion the further toward the tangent the investor?s optimal portfolio moves. In summary, investors on the whole are rational and contribute to an efficient market through prudent investment decisions. Each investor?s optimal portfolio will be different depending on the feasible set of portfolios available for investment as well as the indifference curve for that particular investor. Lastly, risk free borrowing and lending changes the efficient set and gives the investor more opportunities to either get a higher expected return with the same amount of risk or the same amount of return with less risk. Work Cited William Sharpe, Gordon J. Alexander, Jeffrey W Bailey. Investments. Prentice Hall; 6 edition, October 20, 1998

Spaniards in Southwest America :: essays research papers

The Spanish began their movement to Southwest America in the late sixteenth century. From that point on, their influence both on the Native Americans and the environment was extraordinaire. The goal of the Spaniards with regards to the Native Americans was to transform them â€Å"into tax-paying Christians.† This is in contrast to the idea that their goal was to eradicate the Indians form the Americas. Consequently, the Spaniards took many Indians so that they may plant their religion in the Natives and to use them as cheap labor. This led many Indians to learn the customs and language of the Spaniards so they could to be able to thrive in the Spanish culture. Thus, some Natives acquired Spanish, which was the main source of their Hispanicization; this was the notion of Indians becoming encompassed by the Spanish society. Furthermore, Indians gradually learned skills, obtained land, and sometimes found Hispanic spouses, thus furthering their Hispanicization. They now began to live in a Spanish manner and blend into the bottom of the Spanish societal ladder. This â€Å"acculturation† of the Native Americans was in contrast to the models of early English colonization. Spanish goals and plans sought to involve the Indians so that they may live in their society even if at the lower end of it’s ladder. English colonies viewed the Natives as savages and looked to them for slave labor or to rape their women. They did not plan to take the Indians into their society as the Spaniards did so throughout this era.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Spanish influence was not only apparent through the Native Americans; the southwest region of America had also experienced its affect. The Spaniards bringing of animals and use of land speedily and greatly changed their environment. Cattle and horses brought by the Spanish extended well across northern New Spain. As a result, these grazing animals flattened grassy areas and packed down soils, which broke down the lands. Through these worn down paths of grazing, water was able to ensue. Overgrazing however, left vegetation scarce and soils eroded. Furthermore, abundant grasslands and wildlife disappeared with these trends, some turning into deserts. Bad agriculture practices also contributed to such turn of events. The Spaniards set to change their environment had not realized the profound negative consequences their actions would have.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Racial purity, a requirement for elite status in Spain and its American colonies, proved less essential to upward mobility on the frontier than in core areas of the empire.

A Comparative Study of Hospitality Education Essay

This research looks at the existing standard of hospitality institutes curriculum with special reference to the culinary syllabus in India and proposes various measures to reduce the gap between education imparted by hospitality institutes and the industry expectations from students. This research highlights the need of hospitality education revolution which needs to be upgraded, to be at par with global education standards. The results of this analysis can be used to identify and streamline the standardization process of hospitality education across India. The culinary syllabus has to be prepared with the right combination of faculty and industry experts to strike the right balance between demand and supply. The anticipated outcome of this research is to establish such a hospitality curriculum which should comprise and reflect a selection of knowledge, skills, values and attitudes relevant and valued by the profession, subject disciplines and by the wider society. Keywords: Culinary Institute, Hospitality Education OBJECTIVES 1. To scrutinize if there is a need for better culinary syllabus than the existing one. 2. To assess if there is a gap between theory and practice, offered by academicians and acceptance by industry professionals. 3. To identify if relevant faculty have adequate educational qualifications RESEARCH PROBLEM 1. Non existence of standardized uniform quality culinary syllabus (theory and practical). 2. Faculties education and industry experience co-relates with students learning process. INTRODUCTION GLOBAL SCENARIO In many countries, the traditional approach has largely been modified towards a more integrated approach to curriculum planning and design. An integrated approach is still subject centered but transcends the traditional subject boundaries. At culinary arts training institutes globally, new and exciting ideas are taking shape. Food styles have moved so fast in the past few years that it is difficult to keep pace with the changing gastronomic trends across the globe. Le Cordon Bleu operates the world’s most comprehensive network of hospitality institutes where students spend plenty of time learning the fundamentals that set French cuisine apart and much attention is given to world cuisine and modern culinary techniques. The Art Institutes is a North American chain of educational centers. The International Centre for Culinary Arts (ICCA) Dubai is a world-class vocational school that teaches a mix of Continental and regional culinary methods. As a student, you’ll go beyond basic culinary practices and cooking skills to learn leadership tactics and skills that you can put to use in a multicultural professional setting. Johnson and Wales University founded at Rhode Island in 1914 relies on the latest industry input to stay grounded in emerging culinary breakthroughs without abandoning time-tested techniques. The Culinary Institute of America (CIA) is one of the most prestigious culinary institutes in the US. At the core of the CIA learning curve is an astonishing 1,300 hours of hands-on training in ultra-modern kitchens and bakeries. INDIAN SCENARIO Hotel Management & Catering Technology courses were introduced in Mumbai, India in 1954. National Council was the institution which regularized and gave shape & recognition to these courses later in 1982 by the Ministry of Tourism for coordinated growth and development of hospitality management education in the country. As the first internationally recognized training school for professional culinary arts in India, the Culinary Academy of India is a leader on the Subcontinent. It’s located in the city of Hyderabad. This is a co-relational research with an attempt to analyze the best possible syllabus of Food Production subject taught to under graduate students across India after an in-depth comparison of selected sample size. The sample size method used here is a non probability sample where in I have used my judgment to select universities within India that offer good quality education. The sample size studied represents the best universities to make accurate estimates of the best possible syllabus for Food Production. REVIEW OF LITERATURE This is an essential preliminary task to acquaint with the available body of knowledge in the area of food production syllabus. To broaden the knowledge base in my research area, several syllabus of the following mix of central, state, deemed and private universities across India and abroad were taken into consideration. Syllabus reference from North India: – Ignou, Amity University, Punjab Technical University & AICTE (All India Council for Technical Education) Syllabus reference from West India: – Mumbai University, IHM – Aurangabad, Nagpur University & Ycmou (Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University) Syllabus reference from South India: – Manipal University, Anna University, Christ University & CAI (Culinary Academy of India) Syllabus reference from East India: – IIHM, West Bengal University of Technology. International Syllabus of the best culinary institutes: – LCB (Le Cordon Bleu), CIA (Culinary Institute of America), Cornell, FCI, University of Huddersfield – U. K. , & Queen Margaret. Literature reviews of UGC publications, scholarly text books and research papers published in Cornell Sage Publications have been referred for a deeper understanding of the topic. DATA COLLECTION The data for this research is collected through various sources: PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION METHODS ?Mail Questionnaire Method ?Discussions with peers ?Telephonic Interviews with industry experts ?Observation Method SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION METHODS? Review of previous research papers from Research Journals ? Scholarly culinary Text Books ?UGC publications Reports and Newsletters ?Culinary institute Websites ?Reference of National Council for Hotel Management RTI Act. DATA ANALYSIS ?The data for this research is analyzed through the use of pie charts. DATA INTERPRETATION ?Faculties are interested to enhance their educational qualification because faculty lacks the necessary educational qualifications. ?Faculties would like to get trained in industry to learn latest hospitality trends because faculty lacks the necessary industry experience. ?Hospitality institutes want industry professionals to conduct specific workshops to acquaint students with actual industry procedures. ?There is scope for a better culinary syllabus to be at par with global standards. FINDINGS As per UGC’s 11 Five Year Plan: Continuous updating and revision of curricula is something which must be deeply ingrained in the academic culture of a university. Each individual university must ensure that the curricula development exercise leading to major revision in course contents and curricula is taken up every three years. ?Uniform academic calendar across all institutions of higher education has already been urged upon by the UGC. Universities need to streamline their examination process such that the results are declared in a time-bound manner and no student suffers in his/her career mobility and academic progression due to delays in declaration of results and issue of mark sheet. When planning a course, teachers and course developers need to think about their learners’ needs in terms of the broad context of undergraduate education. Strategies of curriculum development Any curriculum needs to be developed in the light of the organization or context in which it is going to be delivered. If a teacher is developing a small part of a course or programm, then this must fit (in terms of approach, level and content) with the overall course. If a new course is being designed and developed then there are a number of approaches that can be taken and issues that need to be addressed to meet the needs of all stakeholders involved. CONCLUSION ?There is an urgent need for revision and up gradation of existing culinary syllabus in India. ?To minimize the gap between industry and academics, industry professionals should conduct guest sessions in hospitality institutes to teach and update latest hospitality trends. ?Faculties must upgrade their educational qualifications and must engage in research. ?Proposal of a standardized uniform quality culinary syllabus across all hospitality courses in India. SUGGESTION What should be monitored? ?Student recruitment and selection processes Do the candidates meet the selection criteria? Do the criteria provide students who are appropriate for the course? ?Teaching staff Are the teachers available, motivated and capable of teaching the new course? Have any training needs for teachers been identified and addressed? ?The teaching and learning process How is the written curriculum translated into practice? Are the teaching and learning methods appropriate? Is the balance between different types of learning mode appropriate in achieving the stated outcomes? ?Assessment Are the assessments appropriate in terms of level, reliability and validity and do they discriminate between assessing skills, knowledge and attitudes? Are the regulations and procedures appropriate and are they being followed? ?Learning resources Are the recommended books and journals and other teaching materials available? Is access to the library and other resources adequate? ?Performance standards Are the minimum performance standards being reflected and achieved? Thus an ideal syllabus should comprise and reflect a selection of knowledge, skills, values and attitudes relevant and valued by the profession, subject disciplines and by the wider society. BIBLIOGRAPHY Curriculum Review: How Industry Views Hospitality Education †¢Michael M. Lefever and Glenn Withiam Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, August 1998; vol. 39, 4: pp. 70-78. The Future of Hospitality Education: Meeting the Industry’s Needs †¢Raymond J. Goodman, Jr. and Linda G. Sprague Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, August 1991; vol. 32, 2: pp. 66-69. Hospitality Education at the Crossroads †¢Robert C. Lewis Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, August 1982; vol. 23, 2: pp. 12-15. Who Teaches Hospitality Education? A first-of-its kind survey reveals who the prototypical hospitality educator is †¢Denney G. Rutherford Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, August 1982; vol. 23, 2: pp. 38-41. Higher Education for the Hospitality Industry †¢Robert F. Lukowshi, †¢Ray Budde, †¢and Norman B. Cournoyer Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, August 1974; vol. 15, 2: pp. 14-21. Another view of the future of hospitality education †¢David V. Pavesic Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, December 1991; vol. 32, 4: pp. 8-9. Encouraging Creativity in Hospitality Education †¢Dennis H. Ferguson and Florence Berger Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, August 1985; vol. 26, 2: pp. 74-76. Hospitality Faculty: A Motivational Challenge †¢Jerald W. Chesser, †¢Taylor Ellis, †¢and Robert Rothberg Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, August 1993; vol. 34, 4: pp. 69-74. http://asiancorrespondent. com/37372/top-10-global-hospitality-tourism-training-institutes/ http://www. leadinghotelschools. com/ http://www. ciachef. edu/admissions/academics/culinary/ply. asp http://www. cordonbleu. edu/paris/le-grand-diplome/en http://www. iactchefacademy. com/pg. html http://www. manipal. edu/Institutions/HotelManagement/WGSHAManipal/courses/undergraduate/Pages/Welcome. aspx http://www. ihmctan. edu/courses_offered. htm http://www. christuniversity. in/uploadimages/BHM%20Sysllabus%202011. pdf http://www. faculty. londondeanery. ac. uk/e-learning/setting-learning-objectives/Curriculum_design_and_development. pdf http://www. ugc. ac. in/11plan/english11/academicreform. html http://www. hospitalitybizindia. com/detailNews. aspx? sid=29&aid=10376.

Obesity Essay

First literature check reveal When multitude make senseress to the highest degree fleshiness and wellness in the States, it is usu bothy wholely the uniform amiables of things. wad argon sensible that the States has a problem with corpulency, yet is whole unmatchable in truth doing anything ab come pop of the closet it? at that place ar unlike programs that return their punishingest to get sight active and feeding wellnessful simply that only does so much. When older folds talk about the subject, they bring up the parley of when I was a kid, we didnt do any of the unwellnessy firm- nourishment restaurants like we do straight off. They unwrap this generation today as lazy and un pull up s interestsing to try to aim an effort to annihilate bouncing. On the oppoposturee hand, in that respect ar the kids that think the fast- fodder labor is the greatest thing ever invented. Its the well-heeled course out, to eating. Fast- sustenance chains ar overly available so in the measure and film to eat, it is so golden to further work by dint of the drive-thru and centering roughly(prenominal) food. The advertising of fast-food restaurants is so challenge these days that they atomic number 18 verbal expressi wholenessd at as a good thing. They may try to provide a healthy calling card, al matchless is it sincerely any better beca employ the rest of the dropsical menu? call up about how the food is really made, how it got to the restaurant, and how the factories form the food. Im sure a salad is no doubt healthy because a hamburger nevertheless is that salad fresh-cut? Do the workers at Mc arrogatealds go out to the stand end garden and pick the lettuce and love apple? It comes from factories that manufacture the healthy product. This act on obesity and health is complicated in a number of paths. First is, is it really the Statess problem to mend the country as a whole as world heavy and unhealthy?T he second be, its a lifestyle that the States has accommodate to, meaning we atomic number 18 so utilise to cosmos just about fast-food restaurants, that its a normal thing to do. America is the come to of the free. Why should it be anyone elses blood what new(prenominal)s put into their bodies? It all goes back to the in the flesh(predicate) accountability aspect. What you decide to put into your clay is up to you. It shouldnt be Americas problem. America has gotten used to eating unhealthy because its so easy to do so. We feed so legion(predicate) options in restaurants and in food choices.If America really had a problem with the obesity in this country, wherefore isnt anyone desperately trying to end it? throng gouge talk all they want entirely actually accomplishing that is a whole new(prenominal) story. Obesity and unhealthy lifestyles as a topic is an authorised issue. Our bodies replicate as a factory, you need to put healthy things into it to keep all th e equipment from shutting peck. Your system needs specific ingredients to maintain function. just about examples would be, water, fruits, vegetables, and meats. Water hydrates your body and keeps what needs to be flowing, flowing.Fruits and vegetables run as an energy theme for your body. They keep you running. Without the maintenance in the factory, it get out shut down. Your body acts in the same personal manner. There atomic number 18 numerous different people that think about the topic in many demeanors. There be arguments that atomic number 18 both pro and con. or so of the people that atomic number 18 firing to be talked about without the essay are Zinczenco, Balko, Warner, Haygood, Obama, Pollan, Maxfield, Orbach, and Freeman. A brief description about each of these authors get out low be saluteed and then further along in the essay they will be cover in to a greater extent percentage point.Zinczenco talks about in his smell, Dont Blame the Eater, gov ernment and the statistics about the fast-food labor. Balko goes into detail about how people are graceful less prudent for their own health and much creditworthy for e realone elses. Warner says in his member that people chip in gotten used to the adult eating habits. Its the simple and easy mood to contact their hunger. Those are just a few of the articles that are qualifying to be discussed. Before 1994, diabetes in children was primarily caused by a genetic dis ordering. yet about 5 percent of childishness cases were obesity related, or Type 2, diabetes. directly, consort to the National Institutes of Health, Type 2 diabetes accounts for at least 30 percent of all new childhood cases of diabetes in this country. as well as money to treat the diabetes has gone up extremely high. The Centers for Disease Control and stripe estimated that diabetes accounted for $2. 6 billion in health business organization costs in 1969. Todays number is an unbelievable $ vitamin C billion a year. Zinczenko has a very valid point when he says, advertisements turn int carry warning labels the way tobacco ads do. Prepared foods arent covered under Food and drug judicatory labeling laws. The fast-food intentness would be doing well in protecting themselves if they were to provide the upkeepal founderment people need to make inform choices about their products. If you were to drive down any road in America, there is a really good chance youd cop more(prenominal) than then one of the 13,000 McDonalds restaurants, but trying to chance upon somewhere that treats a healthy grapefruit is a nonher story. The fast food persistence will contain a kilo ki topical anaestheticorie count of the food you will be eating but it will be the bare minimum. They will non add in the dressing for the salad or the almonds and noodles, those will come separately.There will be a small print on the back of the container saying the dressing actually contains more than on e serving. Adding it all together, you lease yourself a over 1,000 calorie meal, which is half(prenominal) of the governments recommended daily calorie in make up. Radley Balko says in his article that congress is at a time considering menu-labeling legislation, which would force restaurants to send every menu item to the laboratory for nutritional testing. People are becoming less trusty for their own health and more responsible for everyone elses.Our government should be working to encourage a sense of responsibility in and self-possession of our own health and well-being. Balko says that president Bush earmarked $200 million in his huge budget for anti-obesity measures. School boards crosswise the rural area have begun to ban snack and sodas from tame campuses and vending machines in order to bring the obesity level down. The trump out way to alleviate the obesity creation health crisis is to remove obesity from the land of normal health. If policymakers really w ant to stop over obesity they would stop the socialization of medicate and move to return individual Ameri wads ownership of their own health.The government should also spend a penny the option of rolling money that is reticent for health sustainment into a retreat account. Like Zinczenko says in his article Dont Blame the Eater. Kids taking on McDonalds this week, suing the company for qualification them fat. Isnt that like middle-aged men suing Porsche for do them get speeding tickets? It all comes back to ad hominem responsibility. Your well-being, shape, and condition have progressively been deemed matters of public health instead of matters of mortalal responsibility.All of the Democratic rumpdidates for president boasted plans to preserve health care further into the public sector. At a time when more than two thirds of Ameri place adults are then far and 17 percent of children and adolescents are obese, declaring war on detrimental eating, as the Obama adminis tration has done to an unprecedented extent, could be fraught with political liability. toilsome to discip derivation children and Americans, healthier eating habits seemed so commonsensical a venture, Michelle Obama chose it for her apolitical personal project.She has succeeded in enlisting some bipartisan support, and some much hyped cooperation from the food industry. You cant diverseness specific eating conduct without addressing that way of life, without changing our culture of food. You need to present healthful eating as a new, desirable, freely chosen expression of the American way. David Kessler, the former U. S. Food and Drug Administration commissioner, says in the space of a generation, cigarettes stopped being portrayed as sexy and cool and started to be seen as a terribly disgusting, addictive product. barely because of the unique emotional power of food, its hard, if not impossible, to similarly stigmatize unhealthful eating. Americans will not adopt a new way of eating any time soon, because for historic period now, people have gotten used to eating the way they do. Its the simple and easy way to satisfy their hunger. People have gotten lazy in the way they eat and look for the easy way out. Instead of taking the time to prepare something healthy and nutritional, people die hard to sit in their cars, drive around a building in which they are buying food, and eat it on the way pedestal.What happened to setting the table in your home and preparing a home cooked meal in which everyone participates in and then enjoying it all together afterwards? It all comes down to laziness. Trying to change the way people see food and the way they eat is something that will not happen overnight. It will take time for people to realize that the things they eat at fast-food restaurants will hurt them in the long run, whether its a erst a week thing, or a once a day problem, it is issue to affect peoples health.There are organizations that try so hard t o teach everyone the risks and problems of unhealthy eating, but is anyone really listening? Do people see the advertisements and really take the time to sit down and study it more most? In a magazine there might be a varlet that shows a picture of a person that has been eating fast food their entire life and now has many health problems, but is that going to be the paginate you stop on and suddenly change your way of eating? Or are you going to continue on some more and stop where you see a big juicy burger from McDonalds and go out and buy one?It all comes down to laziness. In a townspeoplesfolk where everyone knows everyone it is challenging to keep yourself hidden. The town of Manchester, Kentucky has an overall creation of 2,100 people. Everyone is very close with each opposite due to the bake sales, and volunteering. But it is what goes uncelebrated and eve ignored that has become Manchesters define feature. In an increasingly unhealthy country, it is one of the unheal thiest places of all. The national obesity rate for adults is 24 percent in Manchester and the surrounding counties, its been estimated as high as 51 percent.The article explains the layout of the town in a way that just makes it seem miserable. The town has a retro, lived-in look. The downtown movie theater is gone, through the marquee is still visible. There has clear been economic suffering. There is a medium-security federal official prison on the edge of town, out past the gas stations that sell fried chicken and pizza. The intersections leading into town features a McDonald, a Wendys, and Arbys and a subway. And just beyond that, theres a Burger King, A Long illusion Silvers, a Lees Famous Recipe Chicken and a Pizza Hut. Hardly anyone in the town gets out and is actually active anymore. A father of two girls, says that ever since he went through the breakup of his wife, his eldest girl had gone into an emotional tailspin, that has lead her to sate and seclude herself in he r bedroom where she spends hours on her computer. The daughter had gone to the doctors and was told that she was 30 pounds stoutness and is on the borderline of diabetic. Jill Day has been perusing for her doctorate in kinesiology and health promotion. She grew up in Kentucky and decided to go back to do a study on the obesity rate.Her subjects were fourth and fifth nock students. Her study would be the first of its kind that focuses on the underlying causes of obesity. The students fell into the categories of healthy, underweight, overweight, and obese. She says she had estimated in her head that one-third of the kids in Manchester would be overweight or obese. It happened to be half of them. Jill Day had spent two years on her study. Michelle Obama addresses the people and then egress to express her gratitude by thanking the members of NAACP. Michel Obama and her husband debate that this organization is one whose legacy is not to take vantage.They believe its an cartel that shall be fulfilled with the upmost respect. We as mothers need to prepare are children for the in store(predicate) and the challenges that lie ahead. Michelle Obama believes that childhood obesity is a study epidemic in America today. Obesity can lead to perverting conditions such as heart disease, cancer, asthma, and diabetes. This isnt about the way are children look but the health and how they feel. This is a major issue in which has effected many communities but more likely to effect African American children than white. We need to address this problem and reverse this trend.We need to take this issue seriously by inquire are selves how we got here in the first place. We live in a indian lodge today that is extremely different than what it was when Obama grew up. Michelle grew up in a time where kids walked to school and schools offered recess twice a day. A time where kids didnt have delineation games and played outside for fun. Meals consisted of healthy food of reasona ble sizes where there were hardly seconds. People these days dont grow are own food as when are grandparents did. People will now take a trip to the local grocery store or run through a fast food franchise.We can build exceptional schools but without proper nutrition to concentrate they are rendered useless. We can create positions for outstanding pipeline opportunities but without the energy and enthusiasm to answer them they are as well useless. You can offer the best aesculapian care they can buy but when act to live unhealthy life styles such as improper nutrition these facilities are as well useless. Michel Obama has made making improving childrens health one of her top priorities. Obama has launched the Lets stir up hunt, which is a program to solve childhood besity so that children of today make it to maturity date at a proper weight. The Lets ingrain campaign has four components. The first provides tuition to parents consent toing them to make healthier decisions for their families. Health care legislation requires the nutritional information to be posted on all fast food menus. The second component is to shit schools to provide healthy food. This will pop off sugary foods and provides foods that are more food for thought rich. The third part is to make children more active by encouraging them to trounce bikes and walk to school.The fourth component is to catch all families had easy access to health foods within their communities. If the option is available more people will take advantage of this healthy opportunity. Childhood obesity is a growing trend in America in which is very preventable. With the Lets Move campaign this is the perfect four components to establish a way to save many children from going down the wrong path. Changing the peoples nutritional feed is a difficult task but it can be done, simply by providing more healthy options in schools and in the association. fastician consisting of fats, carbs and antioxidants i s a powerful science.Yet the invoice of diet makes this an imperfect science. This article is implementing ways to leakage from the western diet. There are as many truths to nutrition as there are myths. For there are many scientific theories on nutritionism, all on which dictate the way you eat. The western diet is characterized by the intake of refined foods and high fatty foods. many another(prenominal) individuals define the western diet as being unavoidable. The western diet is believed to be responsible as the major factor of degenerative diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer.Many scientific phenomenons all appear to have very much the same issue stop eating the western diet. Theories of nutrition and the curiosity of how things work is valued more by the food industry and the medical community. In order for the food industry to design new processed foods they must(prenominal) first come up with theories that allow them to develop a new line of product s. The food industry will use scientific backing to further its achievement in processed foods. The medical community uses scientific theories about diet to cost increase their business.They let the new theories allow them to develop new drugs to treat the western diets diseases. New treatments and procedures are a major profit beneficiary for their industry. Dennis Burkitt, an English doctor believes the only way to escape from the western diet is to rely on the lifestyles of our ancestors. Burkitt believes to go back to a more primitive way of nutrition where hunt and collect food was a way to survive. a big majority of the way we get food today is looked at by driving next to a building and having food handed to us through a window.In todays society the most important factor about food is not the nutritional value but in the way it is processed. The western diet is garish and easy, thus making it Americas number one diet. throughout history, gathering and preparing food was a career in the survival of daily life. So how do we escape form the western diet? The answer is simple, stop eating the western diet. How is it that other countries can eat so unhealthily yet stay on average, healthier than Americans? Other countries perceive Americans as being unhealthy, yet the word healthy has a broad of definitions.Who defines the nutritional science of healthy and unhealthy? The journalist Michael Pollan, believes that the food industry is the main confusion on how to eat. Pollan believes that the food industry contributes to the cultural society of food. Pollan implicates the ejection of processed foods will encourage a healthier nutritional lifestyle. Pollan is a food critic and a firm worshiper of the food science of health and nutrition. Pollan has print manuals for better eating in which the guidelines draw out the prescriptions of food scientists.Pollans food guidelines are more of eating algorithms that produce a number and variety of meals. Many nu tritional geniuses back up their information through the concerns of American health. America is a nation that has many western diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Our culture we live in today correlates unhealthy eating to unhealthy weight. Pollan believes that over eating leads to the greatest curse to our survival. Americas government fights against the obesity epidemic, which threatens our national health. Cultural has a major influence on the health-based problems.Despite academician knowledge, common sense can pertain diet, health, and weight. Pollan believes that processed foods make us imbalanced and fat, yet no evidence can support that claim. The question of today is, why have Americans become more obese? America has a $50-billion-per-year diet industry that develops weight loss drugs, and articles of the obesity crisis. Throughout the research, BMI, a tool that uses height and weight, was authentic to predict heart disease and other maladies. To tot ally eliminate the American disturbance of nutrition, we need to rise above our carnal nature and not complicate the pull of eating food.