Marketing Plan For Coffee Beans - 1456 Words

Always Fresh is a food company in Northern Territory Australia that have traveled through the paved markets, abundant coppices and villages of Mediterranean to bring quality food products for customers(Our Story, 2017). The story of the company is linked with trusted customers and producers who considers quality as their utmost choice. The company is currently serving Mediterranean food and now the company is going to launch new products for its customers i.e. coffee beans. The aim of this marketing plan is to market their new business i.e. coffee beans. The company will import coffee beans grown in Brazil and will expand the importation capacity from 6,000 kg per year to 12000 kg per year. With the provision of the coffee, the company†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Increase in new customers and to turn them into long-term and loyal customers. †¢ Decrease the cost by 5% per year. †¢ To add a new product in our products category. Always Fresh has always considered quality as its first priority and always provide the finest quality Mediterranean food products. Now, the company is also working on the same principle and with the help of this marketing plan want to provide quality and freshest Arabic coffee beans to its customers. The company want to add a new product in its products category and want to attract and retain new customers. The company will remain adhered to its quality policy and will successfully retain the market share. The product will not only fulfill the need of our customers but will also exceed the expectation. Another objective which is also linked with this marketing plan is to decrease the cost i.e. spending on marketing activities and miscellaneous costs. The marketing activities will cost more at the time of launching the product but with the help of the devised strategy, marketing cost will decrease 5% per year(Coffee Export Sample Marketing Plan - Marketing Strategy - Mplans, 2017). Situation Analysis Company’s Description The company was established in 1997 with an aim to provide quality Mediterranean food products and currently, the company is offering olives, antipasto, relishes, herbs, biscuits, oils, different types of vinegars,Show MoreRelatedEssay about Marketing Plan the Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf1452 Words   |  6 PagesCoffee Bean amp; Tea Leaf Marketing Plan Coffee Bean amp; Tea Leaf Marketing Plan Coffee Bean amp; Tea Leaf Overview The Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf [CBTL] was founded by Herb amp; Mona Hyman in 1963 in Brentwood, California. CBTL is the oldest and largest privately held specialty coffee and tea retailer in the United States and celebrates its 50th anniversary this year. 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The Final Five Minutes Free Essays

Here I am lying in my hospital bed and I’ve just been told, this is it, I’m not sure how I feel, maybe relieved. This Illness has gone on too long and I have lost any energy I may have had for the fight. When the doctor told me, a very nice girl, she had tears down her cheeks and I ended up telling her that it was all right. We will write a custom essay sample on The Final Five Minutes or any similar topic only for you Order Now I think this is the first time since it began I have been able to feel relaxed and calm. Sitting round the bed is my wife and two children watching me and talking about all the things that had happened today. I do not know if I am interested but I must look like I am for them, they are upset as it is and they will not believe I am content about the news I was given this morning. So far my life has been full and happy with my wife and children growing up around me. Although I am sad to be leaving them behind I know they will be OK and supported by my own family and friends and also theirs ass well when they are called upon. I know my family are close and will stick together through thick and thin to cope with the good and bad times together. I am holding my sons hands and telling him that things will carry on without me as normal and he must help his sister to get by being strong and helping his mum when she needs it and act as the man of the house. The nurse is putting something in my arm and saying it is for the pain and it feels like I am on drugs, it feels good and soothes the pain that has overcome my body for so long. I hope they give me enough drugs to help me through and make me leave this world looking ok and so everything is ok when the times comes to say goodbye, I’ll be on the right track. Everything seems to be becoming distant and blurred, I wonder if this is the time? I don’t know if I am ready yet, I want to say goodbye before I go anywhere. I’m thinking of my own parents and my past like a picture album remembering the good things when I was young. I seem to be going further away and every body is shouting, I wish they would be quiet and let me rest. All of a sudden everything is clear and I can see my family this makes me feel very happy and I am ready to go. Things are getting dark and I think this might be it, I don’t care as long as it happens straight away and I do not look to silly. Everything is extremely quite and this is where I find out what really happens at the end. How to cite The Final Five Minutes, Papers

Globalization and its Impacts on Multi-national Companies

Question: Discuss about the Globalization and its Impacts on Multi-national Companies Tata Motors Limited. Answer: Introduction: Selected MNC Company from emerging economy According to Kumar (2014), India is ranked among the leading emerging markets in the world. The growth of its gross domestic product is estimated at 8% on an annual basis. In this regard, India is the origin home country of many multi-national companies, particularly those that manufacture four wheeler automobiles. Tata Motors Limited is one of the best examples of the multi-national companies that manufacture four wheeler automobiles. According to Tata Motors (2017), Tata Motors Limited is the leading manufacturers of cars, buses, and trucks, not only in India but across the globe. The successful performance of Tata Motors across the world has been facilitated by the emergence of globalization. Globalization refers to the process of integrating the societies, economy, political, and religious activities across the world (Haller, 2016). Multinational Companies have been able to exploit the opportunities brought about by globalization to boost their production and marketing activities in order to expand their businesses. The have established their presence in foreign countries, and as a result, global companies such as Tata Motors boosted their performance and profit margins as well. Despite the numerous benefits of globalization, there are also several drawbacks of globalization to multinational companies. In line with these aspects, this research study is going to discuss the drawbacks and het benefits that the phenomenon of globalization has presented decision-makers in multinational companies by focusing on Tata Motors Limited. The paper is also going to highlight some of the vital lessons that should be learned by international managers from the interplay of the home and host country. Analysis of the benefits that globalization present to decision-makers Low cost of marketing Through globalization, decision makers have found new ways of engaging in marketing activities at much reduced costs. Marketing is the most effective way to reach new customers is through marketing activist, however, the cost of marketing activities has emerged to be one of the major challenges facing business firms (Atsmon, Kertesz, Vittal 2011). This has limited the sales volume made by business organization because of the lack of ability to reach and attract new potential customers. The challenge of high cost of marketing has been solved by the emergence of globalization, which has enabled decision makers to reduce their cost of marketing. In this regard, the decision makers at Tata Motors Limited have identified new strategies to reduce their cost of marketing their products in the various foreign countries that they venture into. For instance, Tata Motors Limited engages in the manufacturing of cars, buses, and trucks for the global market; however, they develop different desig n in order to fit the taste and preferences of the different market segments that it serves. Tata Motors Limited has been able to reduce its cost of production through the production of differentiated designs of four wheelers to fit the requirements of different target markets. There are different types of four wheelers with different designs to meet the needs of consumers of all economic classes. For example, Tata Motors Limited manufactures affordable cars such as Tiago and GenX Nano for the individual in the lower economic class. They also produce cars like Bolt and Indica, which target individuals of the high economic class. The ability to lower their marketing costs has enabled the decision-makers at Tata Motors Limited to reach their customers at much reduced cost. Increased market share All businesses are formed with the goal of making profits through sales. Therefore, business organizations strive to reach more clients and expand their markets in order to make more sales (Patel Prajapati 2014). Despite this, many companies find this a challenging task because their local markets have been overcrowded by either local or other international competitors that have ventured into their countries. This has forced local companies to venture look for markets beyond their borders. In the recent decades, the problem of market saturation has been overcome by the emergence of globalization, which has enabled the decision makers in multi-national companies to choose venturing into international markets. This is because globalization has helped Multi-national companies to easily access foreign markets through ether exporting or direct investment activities. Globalization has brought about a faster and successful integration of all countries across the globe, and this has enabled many countries do away with the rules and regulations that limited international trading activities, for example, tariffs and import duties. The elimination of trade barriers has helped global companies such as Tata Motors Limited to access foreign markets with unexplored market opportunities. Because globalization have provided easy access to international markets, this has provided the decision makers of Tata Motors Limited with the opportunity to venter into international markets. The decision makers at Tata Motors saw an opportunity to expand their markets, and as a result, the company has established itself in many foreign countries across Europe, America, Asia, and Africa. Tata Motors is present in both first class and third world countries such as UK, USA, and Kenya, where the company has enjoyed numerous sales of its four wheel products (Tata Motors Limited 2017). The company has recorded large volume of sales of personal cars because of the increased economic status of consumers in the foreign countries that they venture into. They have also recorded an increased sales of buses used for human transportation as well as trucks that are used in the logistics industries across the globe. Access to experts at a reduced-cost One of the most vital stakeholders of a business are the employees because they are the ones who manufacture and distribute the products and services; however, the cost of acquiring and maintaining employees has been a major challenge to many organizations (Atsmon, Kertesz, Vittal 2011). However, due to the emergence of globalization, multi-national companies such as Tata Motors Limited to make decisions that enable them to acquire workers at lower cost. In this regard, the decision makers have chosen to venture into other emerging markets where they have been able to gain access to low-cost workers. These opportunity has helped Tata Motors Limited to significantly reduce the cost associated with production. Tata Motors Limited has taken advantage of this opportunity to establish its wholly owned subsidiary branches in countries that have low-wage. These include developing countries such as Kenya, Senegal, Brazil, Indonesia, Vietnam, and other AAsian countries that have cheap labor. This has helped the company to engage in the mass production of four wheelers, whereby a large percentage of these products are consumed locally in the countries in which they are produced, while other are exported into other countries (those with expensive labor) for sales purpose. This strategy has helped Tata Motors Limited to significantly cut its costs of production of four wheelers. Increased access to inputs of production and technical expertise Another major opportunity that globalization has presented to the decision-makers of multi-national companies is the ability to gain access to technical expertise from other global countries (Cavusgil, Knight, Riesenberger 2012). Because of their large size, international companies have been able to employ a pool of talented expertise from all countries across the globe. This opportunity has played a significant role in enabling these business firms to engage in the constant production of goods and the delivery of high-quality services. Tata Motors Limited has been able to hire a talented team of engineers to design, develop and manufacture their product, and this has enabled the company to produce high-quality products that meets the taste and preferences of their target clients across the globe (Tata Motors Limited 2017). This include products that are offered at cheaper prices as well as those that are more costly. Pricing has not be an issue for this company because the majority of consumer do not mind about paying high prices for high-quality products. In addition, globalization has also enabled the decision makers at Tata Motors Limited to acquire critical inputs that are used in large volume production. By gaining free access to international markets, global companies such as Tata have managed to get these production inputs that are costly or that they cannot access at the local markets (Daniels, Radebaugh, Sullivan 2011). Tata Motors Limited has gained access to raw materials that are vital for the production of the four-wheelers from first world countries like the Germany, the US and UK. Because of the opportunities of globalization, the decision makers at Tata Motors to engage in partnership with other global manufacturers of four wheelers from these two countries, for example, the Isuzu of Japan, Ferari of Italy and Mercedes of Germany to acquire vital important raw materials as well as engineers who play an important part in the production and dis tribution activities. Drawbacks of globalization to decision makers The opportunities that are brought about by the benefits of globalization has enabled multinational companies to venture into international markets. This has helped companies such as Tata Motors Limited to increase their sales volume and expand their market share; however, globalization has also come a long with numerous drawbacks to these companies as discussed in the paragraphs below (Niu Wang 2016). Rivalry and tight competition from other global business firms The decision makers have experienced a major threat resulting from the intense rivalry and stiff competition in the markets as a result of globalization. Due to globalization, there has emerged stiff competition and the availability of substitute products from other international business organizations that chose to venture into foreign markets ((Banutu-Gomez 2014). The decision makers at Tata Motors Limited are incessantly faced with the threat that is brought about by the presence of competition and substitute products from other companies. In In India and other foreign countries that Tata Motors Limited has chosen to establish itself, there are numerous international business companies that produce high-quality four wheeler automobiles that have brought about rivalry and stiff competition for Tata Motors Limited. At the global stage, Tata Motors Limited faces stiff competition from four wheeler manufacturers such as BMW, Mercedes Benz, Toyota and Isuzu. Reduction of the market share These global four wheel manufacturers have established themselves into the same foreign markets where Tata Motors Limited has also ventured. In this regard, they present a serious threat to the total market share of Tata Motors Limited because they provide products that are similar to those of Tata. Four wheel manufacturers such as BMW and Mercedes Benz supply very high-quality four wheeler products that are of high-quality than that offered by Tata Motors Limited. Therefore, three is a fierce rivalry between them and Tata Motors Limited. They also present a serious threat to the existence of Tata Motors Limited because the clients of the current century are not discouraged by the high prices that are placed on goods. Provided the product is of the desired quality, they will go ahead to purchase regardless of the price (Richardson West 2010). Leadership and cultural conflicts Globalization has brought workers from different cultural backgrounds in the same place of work. This is because international companies strive to achieve diversity which is important for increased organizational output (Atsmon, Kertesz, Vittal 2011). The differences in the culture results into differences in preferred leadership and work styles, for example, there are those workers who prefer teamwork while there are those who like to work at individual level. Including individualistic employees into a team results into conflicts and poor teamwork, hence, reduced productivity (). On the same note, the workers like teamwork are not productive on their own. There are also those who prefer transformational forms of leadership while some prefer those who embrace democratic or autocratic styles of leadership. The performance of Tata Motors Limited is impacted by cultural differences, and this is a source of threat to the decision maker who face challenges while tackling cultural differe nces. Lessons that international business managers should learn in the interaction between the host and home country differences to ensure success Meeting the needs of the consumers The managers of international businesses should learn the importance of producing and offering products that meets the taste and preferences of the target consumers in the host country as compared to the home country (Truss, Shantz, Soane, Alfes, Delbridge 2013). Different target groups have different tastes, and this is attributed to the difference in culture of host and home countries. The international managers of Tata Motors Limited have learned this lesson. They have successfully identified the different strategies. Manufacture cars, buses, and trucks in a manner that satisfies the taste and preferences of their target clients across the globe. Tata Motors Limited has developed a portfolio of differentiated products, for instance, four wheelers that are used for transport and personal use. Differences in culture, beliefs and attitudes between home and host country Culture is an important dimension of every society, and therefore, culture plays an important role in the successful business operation. In this regard, the ability to understand the cultural differences between the home and the host country is a key lesson that international business managers should learn to achieve success (Banutu-Gomez 2014). International business managers are required to understand the various cultural aspects in the host countries and compare them with those of the home country so as to identify strategies to business success. These include cultural practices such as the style of leadership that is preferred in the host country. A leaders inspires workers to attain the established goals and objectives within an organizational setting. In this regard, Tata Motors Limited has identified and implement the preferred style of leadership in the host countries, and this has helped the company to achieve employee engagement and increase performance (Van Den Born Pelto korpi 2010). Employee training Managers of international should learn the critical role that is played by constant employee training to equip them with the work ethics and knowledge and skills to lead the business into success. According to Peng (2011), offering training is important in equipping workers with the necessary knowledge and skills to enable them to increase their productivity at the workplace. The training of workers in the host countries where Tata Motors Limited has ventured has played a vital role in the companys outstanding performance all over the world. For example, Tata Motors train their workers across Asia and Africa to equip them with the required skills to maintain a competitive edge in the market. Adherence to the legal requirements International managers should learn to take into consideration the rules and regulations of business activities in the host country. These include observing the requirements such as trade tariffs, license requirements, and tax requirements in order to ensure successful business operations in the chosen country (Polesello, Amal, Hoeltgebaum 2013). In line with these aspects Tata Motors Limited has successfully complied with all the legal requirements of operating a business in all their host countries. Conclusion In conclusion, the emergence of globalization has presented decision-makers in numerous ways. Tata Motors Limited as a MNC has gained access to new markets, and hence, increased the volume of its sales. The emergence of globalization has also helped Tata Motors Limited to gain access to highly qualified workers that has facilitated the manufacturing of high-quality four wheelers across the globe. It has also enabled Tata Motors Limited to gain increased access to resources and inputs for production that are not available in India. Globalization has also presented threats to the decision makers, for example, it has brought substitutes four wheelers that has negatively impacted its performance in international markets. The host and home country interactions have important lessons for the managers of international business managers. These lessons are vital for successful business venture in foreign countries. The interactions has allowed managers to learn the vital role that the differe nce in culture plays in successful business. According to this research, understanding the culture of the host country in relation to that of the home country helps in implementing effective business practices, which leads to successful venture. It has also taught the international managers to adhere to observe the legal requirements between the host and home countries. The interaction has also taught international managers to design their products to meet the taste and preferences of consumers. Bibliography Atsmon, Y., Kertesz, A. Vittal, I., 2011, Is your emerging-market strategy local enough? McKinsey Company. Banutu-Gomez, M. B. 2014, The role of culture, language, and ethics in global business, European Scientific Journal, special edition, pp. 231-242. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G. Riesenberger, J. R. 2012, International business, The New Realities, Pearson Education Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ. Daniels, J. D., Radebaugh, L. H., Sullivan, D. P. 2011, International Business Environments and Operations (13th Ed.). Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. Gutierrez, B., Spencer. S. M. and Zhu, G. 2012, Thinking globally, leading locally: Chinese, Indian, and Western leadership, Cross Cultural Management, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 67-86. Haller, A. P. 2016, Globalisation, multinational companies and emerging markets, Ecoforum, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 9-14. Kumar, V. 2014, Trend of FDI in India and Its Impact on Economic GROWTH, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) VOL. 3, 10, pp. 638-642. Niu, Y. Wang, C. L. 2016. Revised Unique Selling Proposition: Scale Development, Validation, and Application, Journal of promotion management, vol. 22, vol. 6, pp. 874- 896. Patel M. K., Prajapati, K. D. 2014, PEST analysis of two wheeler automobile company, Asian journal of research in business and economics vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 109-118. Peng, M. W. 2011, Global Business. (2nd Ed.). South-Western College Pub, Ohio, IL. Polesello, D., Amal, M. Hoeltgebaum, M. 2013. Determinants of International Entry Mode Choice: A Case Study of a Brazilian Multinational, BASE Revista de Administraoe Contabilidade da Unisinos, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 181-194. Richardson, J. West, M.A. 2010, Engaged work teams in Albrecht, S.L. (Ed.), in Handbook of Employee Engagement: Perspectives, Issues, Research and Practice, Edward Elgar Publishers, Cheltenham, pp. 323-340. Talaja, A., 2012, Testing VRIN framework: resource value and rareness as sources of competitive advantage and above average performance, Management, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 51-64. Tata Motors, 2017. Tata Motors Company Profile, [Online] 2017. Available at: https://www.tatamotors.com/about-us/company-profile/ Truss, C., Shantz A., Soane, E., Alfes, K. Delbridge, R. 2013, Employee engagement, organisational performance and individual well-being: exploring the evidence, developing the theory. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 24, no. 14, pp. 2657-2669. Van Den Born, F., Peltokorpi, V. 2010, Language Policies and Communication in multinational companies, Journal of Business Communication, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 97-118.

The Gravity of Words free essay sample

I excitedly hurried my morning routine on that cool Tuesday in March as I slipped on my handmade earrings. I waited so anxiously to wear them after the many hours I spent tying six knots too many to prevent gravity from stealing the bulky turquoise beads from me. I posed before my bathroom mirror while watching my ten-year old reflection smile back at me with her well-decorated ears that anticipated many compliments. Similar to the proximity of my earlobes to the â€Å"latest fashions,† I was way off with my predictions. Instead, sheer humiliation stripped my ears nude when heartbreaking words penetrated through them. As I put my backpack down in Mrs. Provenzano’s fifth grade classroom, I heard a sassy little voice sneer, â€Å"Oh. My. GOD! Natalie! Why are you wearing those earrings? They’re SO ugly!† Cassidy was the queen bee and stung freely with the weaponry of words. But words can also spread leadership until it pours out, soaking those around with positive enlightenment. We will write a custom essay sample on The Gravity of Words or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So I verbalized some of the many hardships faced by barefoot people—those in poverty around the world—to my peers and used words to help initiate and advertise a shoe drive. Nearly four hundred lives were improved, and I owe a lot of this to the power of language. Language matters, regardless of which one. I spent some afternoons teaching second graders how to speak Italian last year, and it reminded me of how much global cultures rely on words to communicate feelings, beliefs, facts, or even lessons, such as how I used English to explain how to say, for instance, â€Å"Ciao, mi chiamo Natalie. Come stai?† It keeps us together and steadily moving forward. That same spring, I found myself peer coaching the jumpers on my track team. My friend, Brittani, was training to break fourteen feet on her long jump; it was the requirement for a varsity letter. During the penultimate meet of the season, she jumped just a foot shy of the varsity requirement, but her jump still gave her third place. Her attitude began to morph from collected and focused to excited and distracted. But I remembered how desperately Brittani wanted to reach her goal. I used words of encouragement to remind her of her capabilities. Her breathing and concentration grew dee per. She then stood at the runway with glowing confidence and jumped fourteen feet and one inch. Being able to recognize the many pathways words can take—be it positive means of communication or an arsenal of destruction—I have learned through my transition into adulthood. In other words, the fact that words had the ability to change my entire opinion of my very own earrings shows me how much power words truly have. Sometimes the gravity of words is stronger than that of the Earth; after all, Cassidy’s words were what pulled the earrings off, not the weight of the beads. If words can defy gravity, it’s my mission to use them to lift up others until no force can pull them down.

540 WK 4 non-employment-conflict-management-worksheet Indiv

540 WK 4 non-employment-conflict-management-worksheet Indiv Non-Employment Conflict Manage Worksheet Indiv WK 4 CHConceptApplication of Concept in ScenarioCitation of Concept in ReadingPersonal Experience in your OrganizationInterferenceSebastian Byrd is the President of the Nature's gift Society. He was born and raised in New Oxford and had often explored the Wetlands. He has long been an advocate of preserving nature. Concerned about the building of any facility close to the wetlands, because he believes disturbing the wetlands will disturb the ecosystem. He has picked up the fight for the three residences who do not want to leave their homes. The Nature's gift Society has pledge $100,000 dollars to help with litigation costs."Interference or the perception of interference is necessary to complete the conditions for conflict" (Wilmot Hocker, 2007).I remember an incidence where a friend in England was interested in purchasing a home in. Every time she went to view the home, she would have to park across the street because the neighbor parke d his car in the space.McGraw-Hill's 1990s logoOne day she found garbage strewn across the lawn and a letter telling her she should consider getting a home somewhere else. This went on for three weeks and she decided she would look somewhere else.Avoidance SpiralsThis concept was chosen because the M-Core, Inc. scenario displays choices of avoidance. Burke and Little both wish to remain in their homes for a few more years. The opportunity for negotiation with M-Core exists to allow both women to remain in their homes for a designated period and sell at a pre-determined amount. Both women are avoiding the situation and not actively searching for resolution. The reasons for the avoidance are these women believe they lack the skills to deal with the conflict, or they believe they do not have the right to bring up a negotiation. According to...

Five Great Problems in Theoretical Physics

Five Great Problems in Theoretical Physics In his controversial 2006 book The Trouble with Physics: The Rise of String Theory, the Fall of a Science, and What Comes Next, theoretical physicist Lee Smolin points out five great problems in theoretical physics. The problem of quantum gravity: Combine general relativity and quantum theory into a single theory that can claim to be the complete theory of nature.The foundational problems of quantum mechanics: Resolve the problems in the foundations of quantum mechanics, either by making sense of the theory as it stands or by inventing a new theory that does make sense.The unification of particles and forces: Determine whether or not the various particles and forces can be unified in a theory that explains them all as manifestations of a single, fundamental entity.The tuning problem: Explain how the values of the free constants in the standard model of particle physics are chosen in nature.The problem of cosmological mysteries: Explain dark matter and dark energy. Or, if they dont exist, determine how and why gravity is modified on large scales. More generally, explain why the constants of the standard model of cosmology, including the dark energy, have the values they do. Physics  Problem 1: The Problem of Quantum Gravity Quantum gravity is the effort in theoretical physics to create a theory that includes both general relativity and the standard model of particle physics. Currently, these two theories describe different scales of nature and attempt to explore the scale where they overlap yield results that dont quite make sense, like the force of gravity (or curvature of spacetime) becoming infinite. (After all, physicists never see real infinities in nature, nor do they want to!) Physics  Problem 2: The Foundational Problems of Quantum Mechanics One issue with understanding quantum physics is what the underlying physical mechanism involved is. There are many interpretations in quantum physics the classic Copenhagen interpretation, Hugh Everette IIs controversial Many Worlds Interpretation, and even more controversial ones such as the Participatory Anthropic Principle. The question that comes up in these interpretations revolves around what actually causes the collapse of the quantum wavefunction.   Most modern physicists who work with quantum field theory no longer consider these questions of interpretation to be relevant. The principle of decoherence is, to many, the explanation interaction with the environment causes the quantum collapse. Even more significantly, physicists are able to solve the equations, perform experiments, and practice physics without resolving the questions of what exactly is happening at a fundamental level, and so most physicists dont want to get near these bizarre questions with a 20-foot pole. Physics  Problem 3: The Unification of Particles and Forces There are four fundamental forces of physics, and the standard model of particle physics includes only three of them (electromagnetism, strong nuclear force, and weak nuclear force). Gravity is left out of the standard model. Trying to create one theory which unifies these four forces into a unified field theory is a major goal of theoretical physics. Since the standard model of particle physics is a quantum field theory, then any unification will have to include gravity as a quantum field theory, which means that solving problem 3 is connected with the solving of problem 1. In addition, the standard model of particle physics shows a lot of different particles   18 fundamental particles in all. Many physicists believe that a fundamental theory of nature should have some method of unifying these particles, so they are described in more fundamental terms. For example, string theory, the most well-defined of these approaches, predicts that all particles are different vibrational modes of fundamental filaments of energy, or strings. Physics  Problem 4: The Tuning Problem A theoretical physics model is a mathematical framework that, in order to make predictions, requires that certain parameters are set. In the standard model of particle physics, the parameters are represented by the 18 particles predicted by the theory, meaning that the parameters are measured by observation. Some physicists, however, believe that fundamental physical principles of the theory should determine these parameters, independent of measurement. This motivated much of the enthusiasm for a unified field theory  in the past and sparked Einsteins famous question Did God have any choice when he created the universe? Do the properties of the universe inherently set the form of the universe, because these properties just wont work if the form is different? The answer to this seems to be leaning strongly toward the idea that there is not only one universe that could be created, but that there are a wide range of fundamental theories (or different variants of the same theory, based on different physical parameters, original energy states, and so on) and our universe is just one of these possible universes. In this case, the question becomes why our universe has properties that seem to be so finely tuned to allow for the existence of life. This question is called the fine-tuning problem and has promoted some physicists to turn to the anthropic principle for an explanation, which dictates that our universe has the properties it does because if it had different properties, we wouldnt be here to ask the question. (A major thrust of Smolins book is the criticism of this viewpoint as an explanation of the properties.) Physics Problem 5: The Problem of Cosmological Mysteries The universe still has a number of mysteries, but the ones that most vex physicists are dark matter and dark energy. This type of matter and energy is detected by its gravitational influences, but cant be observed directly, so physicists are still trying to figure out what they are. Still, some physicists have proposed alternative explanations for these gravitational influences, which do not require new forms of matter and energy, but these alternatives are unpopular to most physicists. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

German unification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

German unification - Essay Example The Schleswig-Holstein War humbled Denmark, the Austro-Prussian War ended in the defeat of Austria-Hungary and the Franco-Prussian War completed German unification by the defeat of France. (Mahajan, 1999: 3) Thus, Germany turned out to be supreme and one of the most powerful sovereign states of the region. There was no single event that determined the whole process of unification; rather, many factors worked in combination and contributed to the completion of uplift progression of the German nation. All the strata of society including political leadership, intellectuals, philosophers, poets, writers, economists, military personnel, students, farmers and civil society added their share in the whole development. Otto Von Bismarck, the iron-Chancellor of Prussia, played the most formidable role in this regard.1 His skill as a diplomat was unrivalled during his reign as chancellor of Prussia and Germany. The mastery he showed in foreign policy was such that he was able to outwit all othe r powers and make their leaders look pathetic. (Graham, 2007:1) The Vienna settlement of 1815 conceived the idea of German Confederation of thirty-nine states rather than the unification of the country.2 The decisions taken in the Vienna settlement were extremely unsatisfactory one for the German people especially the moderates and nationalists, who were expecting concrete course of action which could lead them towards the way to unification. But instead of unification, only the positions of different German and non-German princes were restored under Confederation as they had been before the intervention of Napoleon Bonaparte.3 The main objective behind German Confederation was to guarantee external and internal peace of Germany and the independence of the member states. The thirty-nine states agreed not to declare war on one another, and had the obligation of helping one another in the hour of need. (Leads,

Commercialization in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Commercialization in Canada - Essay Example The diagram given below gives an indication of the contribution of commercialization towards the GDP of Canada. The diagram indicates that contribution of commercialization towards the GDP has been very low and more volatile in nature. The growth rate of commercialization has been volatile and erratic in nature. If the growth rate of commercialization is compared with other countries like USA and UK, then it becomes evident that Canada has to make a lot of improvements to match with the advanced countries.The diagram below gives an indication of the initiative taken by the University and colleges for spending in the research and development projects. The indication of the spending in research and development projects bears a special importance. This is because of the reason that technological innovation and development are one of the prime drivers of commercialization. Studies indicate that in comparison to other countries the fund allocated to the colleges and Universities for condu cting research and development works is significantly less.The above diagram gives an indication of the spending by the various sectors like private non-profit, provincial governments, the federal government, universities and industry in research and development activities.The analysis of the spending in research and development activities by various groups indicates that the spending by the provincial governments and federal governments are significantly low. Whereas the spending by the universities is significantly more.... The indication of the spending in research and development projects bears a special importance. This is because of the reason that technological innovation and development are one of the prime drivers of commercialization. Studies indicate that in comparison of other countries the fund allocated to the colleges and Universities for conducting research and development works is significantly less. Fig 2: Research and development fund allocated for GDP Source: (Kenney, 2013) The above diagram gives an indication of the spending by the various sectors like private non-profit, provincial governments, federal government, universities and industry in research and development activities. Fig 3: Commercialization development index Source: (Kutsuna, 2013) The analysis of the spending in research and development activities by various groups indicates that the spending by the provincial governments and federal governments are significantly low. Whereas the spending by the universities is signifi cantly more, this is a cause of concern (Litan, 2012). This is because of the reason that studies indicate that those countries which are characterized by larger spending initiatives by governments and federal bodies have more chances of increasing the success rate of commercialization. Discussion of the reasons for poor commercialization Studies indicate that successful commercialization depends upon the management skills of the startups. The poor management skill of the people heading the startup projects in Canada is one of the reasons for poor development of commercialization. The infrastructures provided by the government to support the startup are proving to be insufficient. Canada also lacks the number of anchor companies. The

Four Things To Do to Increase One’s Level of Contentment and Happiness Essay Example for Free

Four Things To Do to Increase One’s Level of Contentment and Happiness Essay The learned Viktor Frankl contends that â€Å"chance decides what happens but we decide how to take it† (cited in Southwick, et. al. , 2006, p. 162). For someone who has been through the most tragic circumstances of human existence, Frankl is surely someone who knows pretty well how happiness is to be pursued in one’s life. While it can be argued that happiness is a state of human living which cannot be singularly defined, we – human persons that we are – nevertheless know what brings it about or how it affects our general take of life. Pursuing Happiness All throughout One’s Life The basic thrust of this paper is to argue that our state of contentment or happiness is something that we human persons can always choose to pursue. By adopting Frankl’s philosophy, we can say that a person can always choose the path towards happiness against the backdrop of different life circumstances and issues that come with one’s lifespan development. First, one can always choose to discover his or her crafts, potentials and talents as a way to appreciate one’s giftedness and uniqueness. This is a very potent element that contributes well to one’s happiness; and this usually happens during one’s late childhood and adolescent stages. The discovery of our uniqueness gives us a sense of who we are. But even when, for instance, one is not gifted enough, one can still discover certain strains of uniqueness to be appreciated. This is crucial because it can give us an initial taste of our sense of directedness and purpose. Second, a person needs to choose the kind of relationships that work in order to attain a level of happiness as well. This is especially true for those who are at the early adulthood stage. Growing up, it would be normal to feel that we need someone to complete us; and finding that suitable someone is notably crucial for this stage. Many people end up either unhappy or miserable because they did not either take the courage to pursue a person whom they love or feel powerless to break free from relationships that just do not work. But finding true happiness is about choosing the right relationships that could nurture, and not defeat life. Third, in order to secure happiness, one must always face life-crises with a brimming sense of optimism. This surely is a case of no little importance, as it is not uncommon to learn that many middle-agers suddenly lose their sense of meaning at a time when life-crises emerging from home and workplace start to take their toll. Crises, it needs to be remembered, cannot be avoided. But they are defining moments that can either make or break us. Increasing one’s state of happiness during these poignant moments therefore necessitates a commitment to hope – i. e. , one faces life problems with a sense of optimism. If one can face problems convinced that he or she can successfully get out of it, then it is like facing a battle half-winning it already. Fourth, one can look at his or her life under the lenses of accomplishment and gratitude so as to be happy. This especially applies to those who are in the twilight of their lives. When one becomes bitter every time he or she looks back at the past, it effectively robs a person with a sense of contentment and happiness. Instead, looking back at life with eyes fixed on the accomplishments and blessings that one has done or received in his or her life surely elicits an incomparable sense of contentment, happiness and pride. Conclusion This paper therefore concludes that a person is always empowered to make a choice in order to increase his or her level of contentment or happiness. In any lifespan development or stages, the choice to uphold sense of happiness is always a concrete possibility; i. e. , we can always choose to discover one’s giftedness, choose the relationships that could make us happy, choose to face life-crises with hopefulness and choose to be thankful in our lives. In the final analysis, it must be ultimately argued that we are the ones responsible for our own happiness.

Homeless Families in America Essay -- Homeless Families, 2015

There is not anything quite as satisfying as a good night’s rest before a busy day of school and dance team practice. It is Monday morning, when I crawl out of a comfortable bed of soft-cotton sheets and fuzzy throw blankets. My iHome alarm clock sounds a dreamy melody of ocean tides to wake me from a peaceful slumber. I step into slippers, put together a matching outfit, and grab the New York Times on my way into an all-you-can-eat dining hall. When I relax to a full tray of breakfast, I come upon an ad that makes me feel guilty about my standard of living. The advertisement is not in color, but the creative black font on the page gets my attention anyway with the words â€Å"For the first time in history†. I continue to read about devastation to humanity, and I immediately lose my appetite. Although an illustration takes up less than a tenth of the page, its powerful image draws me into the announcement. The featured collapsing â€Å"shelters† are real pictures mounted to an animated background of both urban and rural lands. These slums look rancid and polluted. I see shanties made of scrap metal and plastic. I see shacks made of old branches and mud. I am sure that certified building inspectors would never pass these â€Å"homes† with superior or even satisfactory ratings. Then I begin to doubt myself. Suddenly my breakfast doesn’t taste so appetizing. I am struck with guilt, so I feel a moral obligation to look into the efforts of Slam the Door on Poverty Housing! Curious about the issue, I research the housing project online. As I type away at my new laptop computer, mindlessly snacking and sipping bottled water, I can’t hold myself back from crying after seeing a horrific slideshow of people living in conditions unimaginable to me. The ... ...We will be judged by ‘I was hungry and you gave me to eat. I was naked and you clothed me. I was homeless and you took me in’†. It is my hope that many people take heart in this project. Like the advertisement in the newspaper exemplifies, the planet should not have masses of people living in such underdeveloped environments that they risk death to preventable diseases, have trouble finding ‘safe’ water and struggle to find a bite of food. Privileged families of the world are needed in conjunction with endorsers of the effort, like the United Nations, to effectively wipe out homelessness. With encouragement from the words of Millard Fuller, â€Å"many hearts and minds must go through a radical transformation. With God: all things truly are possible!† Works Cited World Habitat Day 2007. October 1, 2007. Slam the Door on Poverty Housing. http://www.slamthedoor.org

Essay: “to the Young Women of Malolos”

Essay: â€Å"To the Young Women of Malolos† by Dr. Jose Rizal The issues tackled in the writing of Rizal entitled â€Å"The Young Women of Malolos† are the inequality between men and women, slavery done by the Spaniards because of ignorance, fraud religious beliefs brought by the friars, the role of mothers in the family, tyranny of some because of the cowardice and negligence on the part of others, unreligious acts of the friars towards the Filipinos, education not given to other Filipinos by the Spaniards, and lastly, the abuse of the Spaniards because of the hospitality of the Filipinos.Rizal’s letter to the Malolos young women is his way of recognition for them as brave Filipinas who are no longer blinded by the fraud religious beliefs brought by the friars. Under his letter he mentioned about our own freedom as individual human beings that we must have our own judgment of what is right and wrong. As a young lady, soon to be a mother of her sons and daughters would set as an example to her children. As the saying goes, a fruit would grow the same as of its tree. Women are fragile and can be easily influenced because of ignorance and lacked of knowledge of her rights.The friars took advantage of the kindness and meekness of this youth and brag about it with its fellow Spaniards. If only the Filipinas were like the women of Spartan who have power over their men, maybe no one would dare to touched or harassed a woman. Rizal wanted to make his people open their eyes and to avoid ignorance of freedom. Ignorance is the cause of slavery during their time and this is what we must not let to happen again. He did not want its people to live without a religious belief but he just wants them apprehend not to be deceived by the exploitations done by the friars under their robes.The teachings made must be put into action not just in words. â€Å"To the Women of Malolos† centers around five salient points (Zaide &Zaide, 1999): First, Filipino m others should teach their children love of God, country and fellowmen. Second, Filipino mothers should be glad and honored, like Spartan mothers, to offer their sons in defense of their country. Third, Filipino women should know how to protect their dignity and honor. Lastly, Filipino women should educate themselves aside from retaining their good racial values.Faith is not merely reciting prayers and wearing religious pictures. It is living the real Christian way with good morals and manners. In recent times, it seems that these qualities are gradually lost in the way Filipino women conduct themselves. There are oftentimes where mothers forget their roles in rearing their children because of the overriding idea of having to earn for the family to supplement their husband’s income. Although there is nothing negative about working hard for the welfare of the family, there must always be balance in the way people go through life.Failure in the home cannot be compensated for by any amount of wealth or fame. Rizal stipulates a number of important points in this portion of his letter to the young women of Malolos. The central idea here, however, is that whatever a mother shows to her children is what the children will become also. If the mother is always kissing the hand of the friars in submission, then her children will grow up to be sycophants and mindless fools who do nothing but do as they are told, even if the very nature of the task would violate their rights as individuals.In this writing of Rizal, it is obvious that his ultimate desire is to have women the same opportunity men received in terms of education. During those days young girls was not sent to school because of the universal notion that they would soon be only taken as wives and stay only at home with the children. But Rizal emphasizes on freedom of thought and right for education that both girls and boys should have. He had also shown to this letter all about that Spaniards friars.He cite d, â€Å"God gave each individual reason and a will of his or her own to distinguish the just from the unjust; all were born without shackles and free, and nobody has a right to subjugate the will and the spirit of another. † We are all born equal, naked and without bonds. God did not create man to be a slave of others. A man who does not think for himself and allowed him to be guided by the thought of another is like the beast led by a halter. God give us intelligence that we may use against this lavery of others. We must be dignified, have faith on him and work together as one. Citations: http://www. oppapers. com/essays/Young-Women-Of-Malolos/389462 http://bookstove. com/book-talk/to-the-young-women-of-malolos-concise-summary-and-critical-analysis/ http://www. mb. com. ph/articles/235667/rizal-to-my-young-countrywomen-malolos http://www. studymode. com/essays/Young-Women-Of-Malolos-389462. html? topic http://www. studymode. com/essays/To-The-Young-Women-Of-Malolos-1099089. html? topic

Should Gay Adoption Be More Available

Imagine a child living in foster care waiting for months, even years, for a couple to come and adopt them and make them a part of their family. Then, finally, after a long time of heartbreak and loneliness, a family does come. Two people want to give the child a home. These two people have everything that any parent should such as: money, a stabilized job, no criminal records, plans for the future, domestic peace, and all the love anyone could ever give to a child. Yet, at the end of this day, they are turned down and the child is at loss for the opportunity of having a good, loving family. Why? Because the couple that wanted to adopt that child were two men. Does the situation above seem fair to you? Is it right that these two men are turned away from having a child just because they’re homosexuals? If they had terrible records with crimes and they were constantly being fired and other unhealthy activities it would have been right to turn them away, but for two people that were completely competent to adopt a child to be turned away like that is unfair. I believe that homosexual couples should be allowed to adopt children, so long as they are healthy and well-functioning. When you think of a child being raised in a gay community and being often surrounded with the familiarization of lesbians and gays, you may think the child will later in life turn homosexual. Some might, it’s is their choice and there’s nothing wrong with it. However, people that grew up with homosexual parents say that they have never pressured them to follow in their footsteps. Another reason why gays should be allowed to adopt a child is when they have a kid, they intentionally have to go get one, rather than a heterosexual couple can have a â€Å"surprise† child, which may lead to neglect later in the child’s life. When adopting both members of the relationship feel they are both mature and responsible enough to support a child. I’m not trying to state that homosexuals necessarily make better parents than heterosexual couples, but there is a lesser chance of the children being abused or neglected. In parenting, they’re just like you and me. The only thing that’s different is their social status. The only possible downside to a homosexual couple adopting a child that I can find is the child may have a missing father or mother figure. However, there are plenty of children that came from heterosexual parents that face this as well whether it be because of death, divorce, separation, or a night in Vegas. Missing a certain parental figure is not as tragic as you would think, for example, I grew up most of my years not being around my father and I believe I turned out very well rounded. Now I want you to think of a scenario with two parts to it. First is a financially stable, loving, mature, and educated gay couple trying to adopt a child. The other part is a fourteen year old girl that got pregnant and wants to keep her baby. Which one seems easier to do? Sadly, it is easier for a fourteen year old to keep her baby, than it is for the couple to keep theirs. So really, letting gay couples adopt wouldn’t hurt or hinder themselves, the child, or society. When choosing who to let take home a child, consider the two women that have taken interest. Let the fully committed men adopt so long as they pass the inspection. If you do I can almost guarantee that the child will grow up in a loving home with wonderful parents with less chance of abuse and neglect. Thank you for your time and consideration.

Unit 4 Assignment-Personality Example

Unit 4 Assignment Unit 4 Assignment Optimistic Optimistic personality trait Introduction Personality is the combination of characteristics ortraits that form the basis of an individual’s distinctive character (Hittner, 1999, p 92). The traits fall along a continuum that ranges from desirable traits to other traits that are considered to be undesirable. One of the personality traits is Optimistic that is considered desirable. Optimistic development in individuals is influenced by family environment of the individual (Hittner, 9919, p 93). In this case, supportive social environment such as trustworthy and friendly people are likely to influence the development of optimism in an individual. Optimistic trait plays a critical purpose since optimistic people think positively and are more hopeful of a positive future (Hittner, 1999, p 93). Optimism enables individuals boost their morale and improve their productivity at the workplace. Optimistic people experience a happier life and are likely to heal from certain psy chological disorders or traumatizing situations due to their positive thinking (Hittner, 1999, p 94). Optimistic impacts on the individual’s social behavior since optimistic is linked with happiness and life longevity. There is psychological evidence that optimistic trait is essential in coping with difficult life situations since optimistic people are more likely to engage in problem-solving and avoid self-blame. Optimistic enhances self-esteem since individuals are less depressed, less stressed and are more likely to seek social support in order to deal with stressing events (Hittner, 1999, p 95). Optimistic is closer to the desirable end of the trait continuum and there are various methods and techniques that can be used to increase or maintain high quality level of optimistic in an individual such as goal setting and perseverance. Optimism can be learned and nurtured in young people through interventions that aim at countering negative peer pressure, handling conflicts and enhancing self-esteem (Hittner, 1999, p 97). Teaching individuals on ideal self, self-image and self-worth will enable them to have a positive attitude towards life. Accordingly, avoiding negative environments, enhancing emotional well being and celebrating individual strengths will enable one reframe negative situations and thus demonstrate optimism in overcoming the situation (Hittner, 1999, p 97). Conclusion Personality traits vary from one individual to another and include the dimensions that fall along a continuum that ranges from desirable traits to others that are considered to be undesirable. The family environment determines the development of optimistic trait since individuals who grow up in supportive families develop self-worth and self-esteem that is essential in development of optimism. Optimistic leads to positive expectations of better future and better problem-solving approaches in negative events. Goal setting, self-worth and self-esteem promote the development of optimistic. Reference:Hittner, J.B. (1999). ‘Fostering Critical Thinking in Personality Psychology: The Trait Paper Assignment’, Journal of Instructional Psychology, Vol 26, pp 92-97.

Analysis Of International Expansion Samples

International expansion of organizations provides them with opportunities to increase their revenues and profitability. The organizations however need to analyse the external environment where they are planning to expand so that they can decide upon the ways by which they set up their business. The organization that is taken into consideration for expansion is Marina Bay Sands, Singapore. The area where the company is planning to expand its operations is India and the city is Mumbai (Ang, Benischke & Hooi, 2018). Marina Bay is a resort which is located in Marina Bay, Singapore. The resort started its operations in the year 2010 and was named as the most expensive casino in the world. The Marina Bay resort consists of 2561 hotel rooms and many facilities within its premises (Singapore, 2018). The target market of the company will be India. The huge population and developing economy of the country will facilitate the operations of the organization in the country. The service sector of the country acts as the major driver of growth of its economy. Almost 28.6% of the entire population of India is employed in the service sector. The service sector of the country mainly comprises of the hotels and restaurants. India has been named as the most advanced traveller nations related to the usage of digital tools for the purpose of planning, then booking and further experiencing a particular journey (Papadopoulos, Gulanowski & Plante, 2018). The hospitality and tourism sector is considered to be a part of the top 10 sectors which are able to attract foreign investment. The government has also been taking many initiatives related to the promotion of the tourism and hospitality sector of the country. The hospitality and tourism industry of India has huge potential related to growth in the future. These qualities of the hotel industry of India will help in the growth and will further increase the revenues of the Marina Bay Sands resort (Yoder, Visich & Rustambekov, 2016). Marina Bay Sands can however face challenges related to various factors in the country which are as discussed below, Marina Bay Sands will face many challenges in the new area of their operations in Mumbai, India. However, the organization has to device strategies so that they can combat these challenges and set up a successful business in the country. The organization needs to conduct extensive research in the Indian hospitality sector before entering and investing in the market. The organization can take the help of promotions and advertising to promote their services and offerings in the country. The promotions can be done with the help of digital media and the with the help of social media   marketing as well. Marina Bay needs to a build a competitive edge so that they can differentiate themselves in the market. The shopping experience that the organization provides to the guests is a new concept and can help them in creating a different position in the market. Marina Bay will be able to create a different market for their offerings by introducing this new concept in the market. A wholly owned subsidiary mainly refers to the type of company which is totally owned by another company. The organization which owns the other company is known as the parent company or the holding company. The stocks of the subsidiary company are totally owned by the parent company. The market entry strategy that can be undertaken by the organization is a wholly-owned subsidiary. The wholly owned subsidiaries will be able to take control of the entire supply chain and will be able to control them totally (Santos, Brochado & Esperanà §a, 2016). The suppliers of the organization are under total control of the owners in this case. This means that an entirely different organization will be opened in India which will be a part of the Marina Bay Resorts Group. The organization needs to make a huge investment in this case, however, the growth levels of the Indian market will be suitable for the fast pace growth of the resort. The development of the organization will be facilitated by the increased number of foreign tourists in the city. The investment needs to be made by the organization as the facilities need to be built in such a manner so that it can accommodate the services that are provided by the resort in Singapore. The brand value of the organization will also help them attracting guests and setting up the business in a profitable manner (Andreu, Claver & Quer, 2017). Andreu, R., Claver, E., & Quer, D. (2017). Foreign market entry mode choice of hotel companies: Determining factors.  International Journal of Hospitality Management,  62, 111-119. Ang, S. H., Benischke, M. H., & Hooi, A. W. L. (2018). Frequency of international expansion through high control market expansion modes and interlocked directorships.  Journal of World Business. Doyle, G. (2015). Brands in international and multi-platform expansion strategies: Economic and management issues. In  Handbook of Media Branding  (pp. 53-64). Springer, Cham. Leonidou, L. C., Leonidou, C. N., Fotiadis, T. A., & Aykol, B. (2015). Dynamic capabilities driving an eco-based advantage and performance in global hotel chains: The moderating effect of international strategy.  Tourism Management,  50, 268-280. Papadopoulos, N., Gulanowski, D., & Plante, L. (2018). The Role of Knowledge in International Expansion: Toward an Integration of Competing Models of Internationalization.  Review of International Business and Strategy, (just-accepted), 00-00. Santos, M., Brochado, A., & Esperanà §a, J. (2016). Foreign direct investment patterns of global hotel chains.  Journal of Business Research,  69(11), 5235-5240. Singapore, 5. (2018).  Singapore Luxury Hotel.  Marinabaysands.com. Retrieved 16 March2018,fromhttps://www.marinabaysands.com/hotel.html#osSwY5SPJvKoE5Yx.97 Yoder, S., Visich, J. K., & Rustambekov, E. (2016). Lessons learned from international expansion failures and successes.  Business Horizons,  59(2), 233-243.

- Text The Handmaids Tale (Atwood) What is the purpose of morality Essay

- Text The Handmaids Tale (Atwood) What is the purpose of morality What are the pros and cons What is morality - Essay Example Whether it results in the reinstatement of moral values to the creation of a better world is the matter of concern here. Based on the principle that â€Å"no society ever strays completely far from its roots† (Curious Pursuits, 91), Atwood has created a future society reviving the trends and practices of the Nineteenth Century Puritanism. The novel, which is the outcome of composite factors like vast and thorough reading of history, extensive travel, first hand experiences of real despotisms and experience acquired through a membership in the Amnesty International, perpetrates the author’s conviction that totalitarian regimes breed fear and silence. In such an atmosphere, morality is also a degenerative instrument of torture at the hands of the dictators. Morality, when enforced, becomes nothing but oppression and invariably fails to serve its purpose. The term morality implies the ability to discern right, good and virtue from their counterparts. Human beings are endowed with the ability to rationalize and the free will to face crucial situations in life demanding the exercise of these faculties. Every society has its set of standards in morality, so also each individual. Various factors like cultural parameters, contemporary trends and individual preferences play vital roles in deciding and setting up these standards. The revival of Puritanism in the novel, with its dictatorial enforcement of standards of living pose an outrageous, dismal and despicable picture of an impending possibility fulfilling a dystopia’s mission of warning the world. The simulated American theocracy in the novel is patterned after the Old Testament standards. In the imaginary nation ‘The Republic of Gilead’ which is the United States of America in the distant future, women are withdrawn from the public spheres and are categorized according to the duties they

Law enforcement 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Law enforcement 5 - Essay Example There are a number of considerable statistics related to domestic violence. One of the most notable recognitions is the potential that domestic violence incidents may ultimately lead to death. In this way it’s noted that 30% of all women murdered in the United States were murdered by intimates (Gaines 2011, p. 231). One of the primary recognitions is that in domestic violence incidents there is a strong tendency towards cyclical recurrence. These cyclical recurrences can then result in increased levels of violence that can potentially lead to death if police do not implement proper discretion. Another prominent consideration related to domestic violence is the Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment. Specifically, the Minneapolis domestic violence experiment argued that arrest was the most effective way deterring violence against women. The experiment considered statistics in Minneapolis within a six month time period. The findings compared â€Å"abusers who were either arrested, temporarily separated from their victims by the police, or given some sort of police counseling† (Lerman 1992, p. 217). The study indicated that only 10% of individuals who were arrested were repeat offenders. This is was the lowest rate among the three elements examined. While the Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment supports increased arrests, ultimately it seems that the most effective course of action is to not require that all individuals be arrested on domestic violence calls. While the Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment found that arrest was the most effective deterrent other studies have conflicted with these findings. Buzawa & Buzawa (1990, p. 150) indicated that there were significant disparities between forms and circumstances of domestic violence. Sherman himself, one of the contributors to the Minneapolis study, argued that it would be counter-productive to enact laws that demanded all individuals be arrested on domestic violence calls. While it

Anxiety And Negative Emotions In Second Language Acquisition Essay

Anxiety And Negative Emotions In Second Language Acquisition - Essay Example This essay declares that language anxiety is an essential cognitive and affective component that influences almost all the academic and performance areas of foreign language learners inclusive of several skills in writing, reading and speaking as well. As there is strong correlation among perceived language anxiety and performance so it can be justified to acknowledge the relevance of conducting the study incorporating the analysis of anxiety during the second language acquisition especially for ESL students and employed are the methodologies facilitate in minimizing the anxiety and negative emotions. However, the anxiety influences abilities; however the study does not focus on the basic abilities pertaining to the mother tongue especially in the phonological, syntactic and the semantic regimes. This paper makes a conclusion that the considerations of the range of psychological variables either facilitating or inhibiting the efforts made by new learners of English, we should not fail to notice the issue of power. This stems out a cognitive-affective bias perceived by the international learner as the language comprising of a rich and powerful post-industrial society, in contrast, the native language may be perceived as less impressive and less respected. This perceived difference incorporating power and respect for native language in comparison with English language could be expected to worsen the psychological difficulties interfering with language anxiety encapsulating anxiety, low self-esteem, motivation, identity conflict, language shock and cultural shock, which the current research is not taking into consideration.

Relationship Between Architecture and Wellness

Relationship Between Architecture and Wellness ISSUE. The issue of today society on the relationship of architecture and built environment towards human well being is that the architect which is also the builder and the designer often neglected some proper considerations when they designed too egoistically until they have forgotten that architecture and its built environment has the direct impact on human well being. Too often the designer forgets that they design for human to stay in. It is after all for the people. It is understandable that aesthetic is always something impressive but functionality and comfort is even imperative than the look of the building. A research by Dr. Nancy Wells, an environmental psychologist in the Department of Design and Environmental Analysis at Cornell University demonstrates natural and built environments can actually affect people’s mental and physical well-being throughout their lives. This implies that architecture actually does affect human mental health condition, not only the building itself but also the design of the ambiance. In order to produce a design that links architecture and its built environment towards the human well being in a positive outcome, the designer would have to be clear of certain statement such as the look of the building space and how it feels like to design a space that promote psychological and social well-being. Besides that, how would the design and the built environment affect the senses, the emotions, and the mind of the end user? How would it affect behavioral patterns and sense of community? There is this one very common example to look into but not much of us actually take note of it; for research purposes, before we go into designing a real building, it is useful to look at some other useful examples such as ‘zoos’. Why is zoo stated here? In the past few decades, zoo design has gone through a radical transformation. Cages which is used to lock up animals in the zoo have been replaced by natural habitats and geographic clustering of animals. In some places, the animals are totally free running whilst the visitors are enclosed in buses or trains moving along the zoo. As a direct result, animals now exist in mixed species which portray their lives in natural landscapes. And, as in nature, the animals have much stronger self control over their behavior. They can either be on view or out of sight. They forage, play, rest, mate, and act like normal animals. The question for us to ponder now is the reason behind this transformation in philosophy and design? A key factor was concern over the animals psychological and social well-being. We all know that zoos keep animals alive, but the thing is they do not make them flourish. Caged animals often acted very rebellious and have neurotic behaviors such as pacing, repetitive motions, aggression, and withdrawal. In one well known issue, an animal psychologist expert was employed to do a research on a polar bear that swim for the entire day in endless in its small pool. Then the zoo keeper found out that this was apparently not the normal behavior of a polar. After few days of detail observation, the animal psychologist expert decided to do a diagnosis. The bear was confirmed to be bored. To fix for this unfortunate situation, the zoo added facilities and toys for the bear to encourage it to explore more and play. There is another case study done by University Putra Malaysia research student to test the human design on animal before testing it on human itself. Chickens are brought from poultry and placed in a terrace house designed for human and observe how they can survive well in there. Results showed that the chickens get weaker and soon died in the terrace house. We never know that our design do not even fit for animal, even animals like chicken could not live in a house designed for human, what more to say we are the ones that are suppose in stay inside. This can be clearly seen that the modern architecture field is sometimes conquered by certain group of people such the developer that are lack of awareness towards human need but instead most of them only look at the end profit they can get from the residential project. PROBLEM STATEMENT OF THESIS. From the above mentioned examples, there are lessons that we can learn that afterwards can be applied to building design. To produce a building design, we ought to look beyond survival to well-being. We can even build on primitive preferences and emphasizes more on connections to nature. Besides that, making health an explicit component of planning is critical. Apart from architecture design, built environment also has profound effects on public-health. Planning decisions made can affect housing design, parks, location of stores and schools, as well as factors such as traffic density and air and water quality. These characteristics, in turn, affect the well being which is the physical and psychological health for people of all ages. Constant change of environment has been the backdrop to our lives. But now the nature of change has changed. The changes brought about acquire us to rethink almost everything, including architecture and the design of the larger built environment. The preliminary predications are the environmental crisis afflicting the severely overstretched systems of our earth. These encompass the air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, sound pollution and etc. Besides that, the degradation and loss of topsoil and the diminishment of biodiversity to the point where the mass extinction of species appears inevitable are among the problems caused by mass unhealthy design architecture. And, most imperatively the challenge of all is the global warming with all its adverse consequences to be bear by the end users. The obvious alteration of global warming includes the change in weather pattern such as more extreme weather, climate- induced migration of humans and other species. The drastic change of weather and environment as well as global warming has direct impact on human lives so when architecture caused the deterioration of environment, it means it also deteriorate human lives because we cannot be tear apart from our living environment. These are the problems partly contributed by the architects, so it is time for the architect to ponder and produce design that is healthy to both the environment and the people. First and foremost, it is necessary to take stock of the current architectural scene, which in many ways is vigorous, diverse and feverish. However, until less than a century ago the architects seemed to be fine in designing buildings people are fond of and that aggregated into satisfactory urban fabric, any candid assessment must accept that piece, but as time passes, what is being built today has become pretty depress because it does too little to cure the fragmentation of our cities wrought over the last century. As architect, we need to be aware of what is happening to the world and deter problems ranging from the environmental crisis to housing the masses flooding into the cities of the developing world.

Ethics Paper -- essays research papers

Everyday we each face questions of what we ought to do. We sometimes ask ourselves, â€Å"What if everyone did that?† Every time you decide to pick up a piece of trash because you want the city to look nice, you are not doing it because of the aesthetic effect of one piece of trash, but rather what the city would look like if no one picked up their trash. Kant uses this everyday question in his system of morality as part of the categorical imperative. For Kant, the morality of an action can be determined by the categorical imperative. Kant would like to determine the morality of stealing, therefore Kant wants to examine the morality of â€Å"I will steal anything I want to satisfy my desire for it†. Then Kant rephrases the statement to ask the question of what if everybody did it, â€Å"Everyone will steal anything they want to satisfy their desire for it.† Then Kant makes that statement a maxim, a law which must be followed by everyone in Kant’s test world. Kant examines the world and asks if you can consistently will your maxim in a world in which that is a law? But if everyone steals anything they desire, how will there be property rights since it is okay for anyone to take anything at any time? There can’t. Since there are no property rights, the maxim breaks down since stealing only occurs when someone takes property from its rightful owner. Since there is a contradiction in the 1 conception of the maxim, you are prohibited from acting on that maxim. Imagine Ice Man, a cold, rational person that does not find inner satisfaction in spreading joy and cannot take delight in the satisfaction of others. Does Ice Man have a duty to help others when they are in need? Ice Man is wealthy and not in need of help from others? Ice Man wants to determine the morality of â€Å"I will not help others when they are in need of help.† Therefore, what if everyone did not help others when they are in need of help. Despite this being an unhappy world, there is no contradiction in conception in this maxim unlike above. But does it pass Kant’s contradiction in willing test? Ice Man is defined as a rational being. As a rational being, Ice Man knows that one day he too will be in need. Since he is a rational being, he will prefer that someone would help him and as a rational being, cannot will that no one would help other when they are in need. Since it fails the contradiction in willing test, ev... ...by universalizing the situation and removing your own self interest, then we judge the consequences to our actions without prejudice or preference. By ignoring the question of â€Å"What if everyone did that?†, we can 3 justify murder, lies, and other unmoral acts that can hurt much more than we realize in the heat of the moment. If I leave a piece of trash on the ground when I am in rush or otherwise pressured and believe that is okay, that piece of trash on the ground means that someone else will have to pick it up and that other people will feel more free to drop their trash there.1 Many actions may seem to hurt no one, but in the aggregate do cause pain to others. By ignoring the question of â€Å"What if everyone did that?†, we ignore the infinitesimal effects our actions have on everyone we come into contact with it or simply feel the secondary effects. Therefore, the universal question of â€Å"What if everyone did that?† should be a part of our ethical thinking. 1I did an informal study on this in my social room last year with both dirty dishes in the sink and paper towels on the floor. The difference in dirtiness after an hour was impressive. Real studies have been done on this as well.

Brannigan Foods Essay

Strategic Marketing Planning for the Soup Division Brannigan Foods Soup Division is a 100 year old company with mature products which account for 40% of the whole soup market and it is the most significant division of the Brannigan Foods group. The most important category is the RTE soups which account for 78% of total sales. (Exhibit 2) Other products include Low sodium RTE â€Å"Heart Healthy†, dry soups and mixes and private label and Annabelle’s fast and simply. Annabelle’s was a soup company acquired 5 years ago in order to add healthier sups, dry soups and fast to the company’s portfolio, a growing trend in the market. In terms of costumer perception of Brannigan comparing with competition, Brannigan’s falls behind in the following: Health trends Diet claims Convenience offerings Flavors-especially popular regional ones Seasonal products outside cold weather Retailers perceive Brannigan to be: -Category leader -not innovative -less profitable than store brands and competition Over the past 3 years the results of the division have been decreasing and there are several reasons behind this: The whole soup industry has been declining for several years. The largest and most loyal segment of soup consumers, the baby boomers, which account for 20% of American population and are the main target, have been showing increasing concerns with processed food and high sodium content shifting to healthier alternatives. Increasing trend within working mothers who tended to prefer â€Å"convenience†. Bert Clark, vice-president and general manager of Brannigan Foods’ Soup Division needs to take action and present a plan to senior management to go back to growing sales within the division and increase profits by 3% next year, reversing the 1-2% declining turnover and 2-3% declining volume. With this in mind he has asked his key directors to submit a plan of action independently and now he has to decide which of the 4 proposals he will bring to senior management. The fact that Clark has his 4 keys managers working separately limits their assessment to each of their experiences and thus their proposals are narrowed to their field of expertise. Also, by choosing one particular direction may leave 3 directors uninvolved hence with a minor sense of responsibility. When making hard decisions it is always better, in my opinion, to have everyone on board. On the other hand it provides Clark with 4 proposals instead of one. Nonetheless making the 4 directors work together would have a provided a team solution and a broader approach to the problem. Now, by choosing one particular approach, Clark will have to find a way to involve all directors in this strategy. Looking closely at each proposal: 1st proposal Srikant Tipha, Director of the Simple Meals unit Srikant wants to strengthen the strategy of growing categories of dry soups, healthier soups and meal-in-pouch soups by investing $18 million on advertising and promotion. These products were a direct result of Annabelle’s acquisition, a smaller competitor Brannigan had acquired 5 years ago. Skirant wants to induce trial by increasing advertising; to provide coupling for new flavors: Gazpacho for the warmer months and Teriyaki for positioning in the fast growing Asian soups category. Pros: Focuses on growing segments which address health concerning issues and/or focus on the new flavors Cons: Srikant focuses his whole strategy on the new lines/products which account for 15% of the revenues of the division and completely leaves out the 78% which are the star products, or the cash cow and basically finance the new developments. 2nd proposal Claire Mackey, Director of Finance & Planning Claire focuses on the new healthier and more convenient products gaining territory in the market. Claire suggests the best way to quickly have a strong presence in these segments would be to acquire a small competitor with significant presence on these new products. Pros: Brannigan would very quickly be able to have an adequate response to new trends, as the whole operation is set up and products are already tested. By maintain the current brands, they would increase their shelf space. With joint synergies, the new acquired products would have a margin increase by reducing costs. Cons: Recent bad experience with Annabelle’s Foods although the project is gradually gaining track. It would take a large investment in advertising and promotion if they kept the acquired brands, if they changed into their own, there was a greater risk of cannibalization and of losing shelf space in big retailers. 3rd proposal Anna Chong, Chief Innovation Officer Anna feels that her department could develop new lines that meet the market’s new trends and that the company should increase investment in advertising and promotion for the new products already tested with consumers and investment in R&D for new products. Pros: the proposal addresses the markets new trends, avoiding the risk and investment of a new acquisition and all risks it entails. The new flavors would allow a price increase hence increase in margin. Cons: 1/100 products developed were actually launched in the market and reached Brannigan’s threshold for success. The costs of developing 100 products and launching 9 with only 1 to be successful are very heavy. Also launching products that may eventually fail means also costs for retailers which are becoming increasingly intolerant and more demanding for better conditions. 4th proposal Bob Pugh, VP Sales and Marketing, Brannigan Soups Bob focuses his proposal on the core products: reduce selling price to make the gap between private label and Brannigan less significant (PL increasing by 5%) . Also he wants to invest in advertising the products and wants to optimize the plants in order to recover losses due to reduction of selling price. Bob also wants to bring back a former campaign more appealing to younger generations. Pros: The aimed products are guaranteed successes and retailers will appreciate the strategy. Cons: This plan totally ignores the new market trends and price reduction could damage margin objectives as well as brand positioning. Looking at each proposal individually I think Clark should favor Bob Pugh’s proposal because it focuses strongly on the divisions main core, enables to increase gross margin by reducing production costs and increasing volume and there is no cannibalization effect. However, in long term this strategy does not secure the new trends which may or may not be the next cash cows. Then also noteworthy is the proposal by Anna Chong which goes in a very different direction but is as well an interesting approach. Anna, as the Chief Innovation Officer, focuses, not surprisingly, on developing new products, there is of course a large investment involved, but it does take into account the new trends. My last pick would be the proposal made by Claire Mackey, Director of Finance & Planning, since it represents a very large investment and recent experience with Annabelle will make it hard to pass it by the board. Her preference goes to Red Dragon Foods: Current Sales: $36 million Cannibalization of Sales: 0.45% (Mackey says 0.3%; Clark 0.6%): $13 million Estimated EBITDA $4.2 millions Estimated Cost: $29.4 million (considering highest price) Amortization + interest per year: 2.54 million (in 10 year period) Gross Margin: $16.2 million Gross Margin with cannibalization effect: $10.3 million Cost of A&P: $11 million Net Earnings in the First Year: -$3.24 million In 5 years: Estimated revenues: $75.85 million (growth rate of 2.5% for whole division) Estimated Gross Margin in 5 years (50% instead of 45% as Clark estimates increase of 10% I will be more conservative and just add 5% ): $38 million From the analyzed companies by Mackey, the emerging competition is mainly focused on the area where Brannigan’s is not as strong: health oriented products (MSG free and low sodium), new flavors (Asian flavors) and trends (Deli like). These yet small sub categories may well grow in the next years and this may pose as a problem because costumers will lose brand awareness, recognizing other brands as the Healthy soup or as the Chinese Soup. On the other hand, it will be difficult for new brands to try to compete with Brannigan on their strongest products and in which they are the unquestioned leader. So the natural strategy for new companies is to target the products where there is not such a strong recognized brand. This point must be considered by Clark when making his decision. Can Brannigan’s afford to leave these new products wide open or should he get his hands on this before it escalates? In my opinion Clark needs to take action on the growing needs of the market before it is too late. Brannigan’s Soup needs to lock its position as market leader in soups as a whole concept and not as a segmented market. Clark needs to address two main issues: maintain leadership in the classic flavors and keep up with new demands. For this he should bring in Anna Chong and Bob Pugh and have them work together in defining the new strategy. Bringing their proposals together the cons of each of them are mitigated. Anna addresses the new trends Bob has left out and Bob will secure the financing of the new products that Anna will develop which may become the next cash cows. Reinforcing the current strong products of the company is important but may not be enough in a permanently evolving market. A leader position requires investment in R&D in order to keep up with changing trends.

Indira Gandhi Negative Positive

negative Indira Gandhi  was the most corrupt politicians of all time . Her politics was so ugly that to remain in power and stay as uncrowned queen of India she imposed emergency in 1977 . She made extreme laws such as forcible vasectomy of men ( unmarried young men included ) to control  population of India  . She was an awful leader and one of the biggest criminal of all times . She ate away India financially and also caused a lot of mayhem . When Sikhs opposed her regime ( in worlds largest democracy ) , she turned against Sikhs .She attacked  Golden temple  on 6th june , 1984 , codenamed as â€Å"operation bluestar † , nonetheless to say that all so called sikh extremists were created due to effects of her evil regime . She was given her due punishment on 31st october , 1984 for attacking Golden temple . Because golden temple is just as important to Sikhs as Kabba , mecca is to muslims or vatican city is to christians positive The charismatic and epoch-making per sonality of  Indira  Gandhi  left her imprint not only in the affairs of her own country but also in international affairs.She belonged to that noble galaxy of great  leaders  who wielded extraordinary power. Indira  Gandhi  was  an Indian to the core but at the same time her vision went far beyond her own nation and embraced the entire human race. By virtue of being the Prime Minister of India, the largest democracy in the world, shewas  able to make a significant contribution to the practice of inter-national relations. She enjoyed well-deserved prestige and profound respect on the international scene. An attempt is being made here to highlight her role as an international  leader.Indira  Gandhi  was  introduced to international affairs at an early age. As the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru she  was  born and brought up in a family and environment where national and international politics were discussed all the time. Her illustrious father had taken car e to educate her daughter about all aspects national and international politics. This  was  amply demonstra-ted in Nehru’s letters to her daughter from prison which were later on published in a book form. In all these letters world history and politics have been discussed extensively.Besides, during the Prime Ministership of Nehru,  Indira  Gandhiserved as the official hostess to heads of states and governments at the Teen Murti House. She also accompanied her father in most of his foreign tours. As a result of all this she became quite familiar with international affairs. So after becoming the Prime Minister of India she hardly faced any problem in understanding foreign policy and  was  able to achieve success in this sphere within no time. Indira  Gandhi  inherited Nehru’s mantle and  was  credited with carrying out the Nehru legacy in foreign affairs.Following Nehru’s traditions, she championed the cause of international peace, disarmament , anti-colonialism and anti-racialism. She used the platforms of the Commonwealth, NAM and UN effectively. She not only preserved the rich heritage of Nehru but made her own contribution. She took certain decisions keeping in view the prevalent circumstances that resulted in raising the stature of India at the international level. Under her dynamic stewardship India’s voice  was  heard with respect in various international oranisations and forums.Indira  Gandhi  had no articulated world vision but had learned from her great father to identify India’s national interest with independent decision-making in international affairs, economic development at home and the exclusion of India and its neighbourhood in Southern Asia from either of superpower’s sphere of influence. Her policies were pragmatic, her dealings with foreign  leaders  unsentimental. Her pride, her sensitivity to equal treatment, her political skills in overcoming adversity—all hel ped to keep her government from succumbing to American or Soviet pressures on specific issues.She had a clear-cut perception of India’s strategic and national interests. She knew that in international relations power counted more than personal influence and that the strategic interests of a nation were far more important than moral principles. She followed pragmatic policies and her relations with the  leaders  of superpowers were based upon cold calculations. When  Indira  Gandhi  came to the helm of affairs, that  was  a bi-polar world. One bloc  was  led by the US and other headed by the Soviet Union. The Cold War  wasat its height.The nuclear race  was  on. Some relics of colonialism and imperialism were still there. Racialism  was  prevalent in some parts. World peacewas  under a grave threat. In the circumstances  Indira  Gandhi  followed the policy of non-alignment as laid down by Nehru. Very soon the international community recognis ed her as a  leader  who  was  committed to freedom and peace. Her role in the non-aligned moment  was  duly recognised at the Seventh Conference NAM when she  was  elected its chairperson in 1983 at New Delhi. This Conference  was  a historic one.The resolutions passed at the Conference reflected  Indira  Gandhi’s statesmanship and far-sightedness. Her most important contribution in the realm of world peace  was  the shaping of the NAM. Her able  leadership  provided a smooth sailing for the Conference. It also led to a better understanding of the common problems of freedom, peace and social justice for the people of the Third World. It  was  through this Conference that she made a major chunk of humanity feel important in the UN. Here she played a more dynamic role as a  leader  of mankind in the international arena.Her performance as the NAM Chairperson  was  superb and balanced, and it commanded respect not only of member-states but also of the superpowers. Her faith in the UN as the arbiter of inter-state conflicts and the most important centre for harmonising the actions of nations can’t be questioned. For, as she herself said, firm faith in the UN is central to the NAM. The aim is the same: to maintain peace by removing the sources of tension and to bring out the humanity in human beings. Indira  Gandhi  symbolised the Third World’s regeneration.Under her  leadership, Indian foreign policy matured from the conscious assertion of the rights and aspirations of newly free nations to a keen awareness on their part of their own responsibility in the global context. By refusing to sign the NPT she gained political credit for upholding India’s independence and for taking a principled stand against a discriminatory treaty. With  Indira  Gandhi  at the helm, India re-emerged in the South Asian strategic stage and her India recorded its ability and willingness to grasp the opportu nities of power politics in a regional context.She made a mark in the world as an unrivalled  leader  and a champion of the Third World. INDIRA  GANDHI  not only influenced history but also made history. With her extraordinary skills she balanced the superpowers against one another. 1971was  Indira  Gandhi’s finest hour in foreign and security affairs. Her skill lay in her intuitive grasp of the opportunity which the Pakistani rulers provided to change the geopolitics of East Pakistan. The Bangladesh situation gave her the opportunity to emerge as a military strategist and a diplomat par excellence on the regional and the world stage.With the clear and decisive victory India andIndira  were established as a major power and force in the world. Indira  Gandhibecame the international  leader. Her decisions and timings were applauded and hailed as perfect. As Henry Kissinger admits in his memoirs,  Indira  Gandhioutclassed and outmanoeuvred Nixon and Kissing er. It  was  a giant leap in international stature. The year 1971 represented the peak of her political career. She tackled Nixon on equal terms. Even her bitter critics were forced to admire her guts. For instance,  Leader  of the Opposition in Indian Parliament A. B. Vajpayee called her Durga.Another Opposition  leader  declared in Parliament: â€Å"Madam, you have created not only history but a new geography as well. † After the war  Indira  Gandhi  acted with great magnanimity at the Shimla Conference. She put India on the international scientific map by exploding the country’s first underground nuclear device at Pokhran in 1974. This signalled India’s nuclear potential and its unwillingness to abide by the nuclear rules of the superpowers. One of the important features of  Indira  Gandhi’s foreign policy  was  the close ties with the Arab world. It  was  during the Nehru period that the foundations of a sound and viable Arab policy were laid.The  Indira  Gandhi  era witnessed an allround development of Indo-Arab relations. Indira  Gandhi  always evinced keen interest in the affairs of the Arab world. Under her  leadership  India felt emotionally and morally committed to the national aspirations of the Arabs to gain a rightful place in the comity of nations. She always showed an abiding concern for Palestine which forms the crux of West Asian problem. Consequently, in the UN and in its various forums as well as in different Afro-Asian and Non-Aligned Conferences  Indira’s India supported the Arab stand on the Palestine issue.On her return to power in 1980  Indira  Gandhi  dumped the Janata Government’s pro-Israel policy into the dustbin and reverted back to the Nehruvian policy. She invited PLO  leader  Yasser Arafat to New Delhi and established formal diplomatic relations despite stiff opposition and strong pressures. She  was  called Gamal Nasser’ s niece, King Faisal’s daughter and Yasser Arafat’s sister in the Arab world. She  was  immensely popular among the Arab people who called her Alsayyida  Indira  Gandhi. Indira  Gandhi  reflected the restless spirit of mankind desiring to establish a world order free from human sufferings.She struggled for the creation of an essentially human order in place of one based on brute force. She  was  against all forms of domination and exploitation of one country by another. She opposed colonialism and racialism on the ground that these created tensions and hostility. She firmly believed that the adoption of non-alignment by a fairly large number of countries would automatically widen the area of peace and security. She advocated disarmament which alone could bring confidence and hope for survival among the peoples of the world.Indira  Gandhi  was  definitely successful in the international arena. She stood head and shoulders above the  leaders  of Third World countries in international forums and conferences. She  was  always in the limelight. Hers  was  the foremost voice for world peace in a tense and troubled world. She  wassuccessful in protecting India’s interests without succumbing to the pressure of superpowers. An increase in India’s economic and military strength during her regime made India an important regional power which none of the superpowers could afford to ignore.She made India strong and a leading country in the comity of nations, gave a clarion call to the world to save humanity from the nuclear holocaust, raised her voice against all kinds of exploitation. She displayed rare statesmanship in tackling international disputes. Indira  Gandhi’s role in guiding the developing nations of the world and her personal contribution towards disarmament and global peace were duly acknowledged by the international community. The image of India as a country which had to be taken seriousl y  was  definitely her biggest contribution.To sum up,  Indira  Gandhi  was  truly an international  leader. As the Prime Minister of India and Chairperson of the NAM she exercised a profound influence on international affairs and made tremendous efforts for world peace, justice and equity among nations Indira Gandhi was one of the most charismatic leaders of modern India whose ideas and activities touched different spheres of India's public life and politics and left an imprint on world affairs, especially, the Non-alignment Movement. She was the Prime Minister for over fifteen-and-half years.Born on 19 November 1917 at Allahabad to Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and Kamala Nehru Indira Priyadarshini was educated at Viswa Bharati University, and Oxford, and became involved in political life almost from childhood. In 1942 Indira married Feroze Gandhi. She became a member of the Congress Working Committee in 1955 and was elected President in 1959. She became a member of the Ca binet of Lal Bahadur Shastri as Minister for Information. In 1966 on the sudden demise of Shastriji, she was made the Prime Minister. Indira Gandhi strengthened the democratic structure and tradition of India.She had tremendous influence on the masses. Among the major achievements of Indira Gandhi as Prime Minister were India's role during the liberation war in Bangladesh including humane handling of refugees and winning of 1971 war against Pakistan. She gave direction to India's economy to reach the declared objectives of democratic socialism and greater social justice for weaker sections. It was under her leadership that the signing of Shimla Pact with Pakistani Premier Z. A. Bhutto and the signing of Indo-Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation took place.She nationalised banks, abolished privy purses of maharajas and conducted the first nuclear tests at Pokhran. The imposition of emergency rule in 1975 proved to be a major mistake that she realised later. Indira Gandh i was deeply interested in literature, music and fine arts. Various cultural institutions, performing artists, educationists, intellectuals received her patronage and encouragement. She was proud of India's cultural heritage and it was on her initiative that Asiatic Society, Calcutta received the status of an institution and national importance. She was conferred Bharat Ratna in 1971.Indira Gandhi passed into history when she fell to the assassin's bullets on 31 October 1984 at her residence. These assassins were none other than her own security men. As a mark of respect to the departed leader her birthday is observed as National Integration Day. what did Indira Gandhi do as prime minister? Answer:  ·Ã¢â‚¬ ¢.  · By virtue of being the Prime Minister of India, the largest democracy in the world, she was able to make a significant contribution to the practice of inter-national relations.  · Her most important contribution in the realm of world peace was the shaping of the NAM (n on-aligned moment).Her able leadership provided a smooth sailing for the Conference. It also led to a better understanding of the common problems of freedom, peace and social justice for the people of the Third World. It was through this Conference that she made a major chunk of humanity feel important in the UN. Here she played a more dynamic role as a leader of mankind in the international arena.  · Indira Gandhi symbolized the Third World's regeneration. Under her leadership, Indian foreign policy matured from the conscious assertion of the rights and aspirations of newly free nations to a een awareness on their part of their own responsibility in the global context. By refusing to sign the NPT she gained political credit for upholding India's independence and for taking a principled stand against a discriminatory treaty.  · She made a mark in the world as an unrivalled leader and a champion of the Third World.  · The Bangladesh situation gave her the opportunity to emerge as a military strategist and a diplomat par excellence on the regional and the world stage. With the clear and decisive victory India and Indira were established as a major power and force in the world.Indira Gandhi became the international leader.  · She put India on the international scientific map by exploding the country's first underground nuclear device at Pokhran in 1974. This signaled India's nuclear potential and its unwillingness to abide by the nuclear rules of the superpowers.  · She was successful in protecting India's interests without succumbing to the pressure of superpowers. An increase in India's economic and military strength during her regime made India an important regional power which none of the superpowers could afford to ignore.She made India strong and a leading country in the comity of nations, gave a clarion call to the world to save humanity from the nuclear holocaust, raised her voice against all kinds of exploitation.  · Indira Gandhi was truly a n international leader. As the Prime Minister of India and Chairperson of the NAM she exercised a profound influence on international affairs and made tremendous efforts for world peace, justice and equity among nations.  · As prime minister, Gandhi tried to improve the lives of Indians. With her neighbors, the Soviet Union and China, she improved relations.She also promoted science and technology. In 1971, India sent its first satellite into space. Economically, Indira Gandhi led India to become one of the fastest growing economies in the world toward the end of her time as prime minister.  · Being the first female prime minister of India and an influential leader; in a prevalently male- dominated society, Indira Gandhi was a symbol of feminism in India. As per economic surveys, when Indira became Prime minister, 65% of the population was over the poverty line, and when her regime ended in 1984, this figure was 45%. During her rule, food production increased by 250%.Literacy al so increased in India by 30 %  · Indira advocated and promoted equal right s for women and their social and economic emancipation. She instituted many programs for the benefit of the underprivileged and the handicapped. She laid great emphasis of the cultural revival of India, promoted crafts and encouraged schemes for the removal of poverty.  · The first woman ever elected to lead a democracy  · She firmly believed in the policy of â€Å"rapid introduction of socialism in the country. †  · Indira Gandhi strengthened the democratic structure and tradition of India. She had tremendous influence on the masses.